The Racial Debate of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Es

The Racial Debate of The Adventures of huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, end-to-end the years, has provoked many debates pertaining to racism. A variety of individuals believe that Mark pas de deux expressed apparently racist ideas. The mind being, this refreshed shows the relationships between blacks and whites in the nineteenth century and all the ugliness that accompanied these associations. However, this novel is non a racist novel it shows these situations not to promote racism, but to suffer a better understanding of the subject and how one can keep down individual prejudices and grow from these experiences. This novel shows Huck Finn, a product of this unimaginable society, coming to the echtization of how uncivilized and ignorant his white peers have become. By showing these situations and the transformations Huck goes with, the reader sees racism and its effects in real life settings. It is imperative for the reader to recognize the ideas and repulsiveness of the South at that time in history and Twain with his writing of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn attempts to challenge these ideas throughout the novel. Twain shows the irony and hypocrisy of treating people as property through Hucks eyes, and uses Huck to educate us in the immorality of this practice. For many of Twains critics, this novel is racism with a face on it and for the most obvious reason the word nigger is used throughout. But seeing the novel takes rear in the Deep South about twenty years beforehand the well-bred War, it would be highly unusual if they didnt use this word. James M. cyclooxygenase wrote, The language is neither imprisoned in a frame nor misrepresented into a caricature rather, it becom... ...laude M Simpson. Englewood Cliffs,N.J. 1968. Fishkin, Shelley Fisher, Phd. Teaching Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 1995, July Summer Teachers Institute, Hartford, computed axial tomography 1995 http//www. pbs.org/wgbn/cultureshorck/teachers/huck/essay.html Leavis, F.R. Introduction to Puddnhead Wilson. (London Chatto and Windus, Ltd., 1955) Rpt. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ed. Claude M Simpson. Englewood Cliffs,N.J. 1968. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Berkeley University of California Press, 2001. Zwick, Jim. Civil Rights or Book Banning? Three New Approaches to Huckleberry Finn http//www.boondocksnet.com/twainwww/essays/civil_rights9809.html Hentoff, Nat. Expelling Huck Finn. Jewish World Review 29 Nov. 1999. www.Jewishworldreview.com/cols/hentoff/12999.asp

Hate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin Decision Essay -- Hate Crime

nauseate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin conclusionThe American Heritage Dictionary defines scorn as intense shun or animosity. However, defining abhor as the basis for a crime is not as easy without possibly jeopardizing constitutional rights in the process. Hate crime laws generally add enhanced punishments to existing statues. A hatred crime law seeks to treat a crime, if it can be present that the offense was a hate crime differently from the way it would be treated under ordinary criminal law. Since the 1980s, the problem of hate crimes has attracted change magnitude research attention, especially from criminologists and law enforcement personnel who hasten focused in the main on documenting the prevalence of the problem and formulation criminal justice responses to it. Lawmakers have passed legislation to encourage data collection and attach enhanced penalties to hate crimes at both state and federal levels.When Americans are assaulted merely because of their p alpable or perceived sexual orientation, gender, or disability, the law should be as tough on their assailants as it currently is tough on criminals who flak base on racial, religious, or ethnic bias. Yet only in rare circumstances can the federal government investigate and prosecute hate violence against gays, lesbians, or bisexuals. Attempts have been made to reach a definition of hate crime, including that it is a crime, most commonly violence, motivated by prejudice, bias or hatred towards a particular group of which the dupe is rarely significant to the offender and is most commonly a exotic to him or her. The current law (18 U.S.C. 245) permits federal prosecution of a hate crime only if the crime was motivated by bias based on race, religion, national origin, or color, and the assailant intended to prevent the victim from exercising a federally protected right (e.g. voting, attending school, etc.) This two-fold requirement substantially limits the potential for federal assistance in look into or prosecuting hate crimes, even when the crime is particularly heinous.Hate crimes remove a priority response because of their special emotional and psychological collision on the victim and the victims community. The damage done by hate crimes cannot be measured solely in terms of physical injury or dollars and cents. Hate crimes may effectively intimidate other members of the vi... ...Law. Human Rights 22 (1995) 32-33Dennis, Valerie. MTV remembers Matthew Shepard with 17-hour program on hate crimes, University Wire, 01-10-2001Feingold, Stanley. Hate Crime Legislation Muzzles warrant Speech. The National LawJournal 15 (July 1, 1993) 6, 16Franke-Folstad, Kim. Denver bouldery Mountain News Staff Writer, HATE-CRIME LAWS NOT A BLACK-WHITE ISSUE. Denver granitic Mountain News, 01-18-1999, pp 6AGellman, Susan. Sticks And Stones. UCLA Law Review 39 (December, 1991)333-396Patrick, Robert F. Cops find hate much has broad definition, The Washington Times, 04- 02-01, pp C1R.A.V. v. St. Paul (505 U.S. 377)Texas v. Johnson (491 U.S. 397)The Associated Press, Reno Fights Hate Crimes, Newsday, 01-09-1998, pp A21The Christian information print Society 30 Brad Knickerbockers, Staff writing of The Christian Science Monitor, Hate Crimes Should they receive special attention? The Christian Science Monitor, 06-23-200, pp 22U.S. v. OBrien (391 U.S. 367)Wisconsin v. Mitchell (508 U.S. 476)Wooley v. Maynard (430 U.S. 705)W.V. State Board of Education v. Barnette (319 U.S. 624)

The Hobbit Hero’s Journey

A champion ventures forth from the humanity of the common day into a region of supernatural wonder mythical forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won the combatant comes back from the mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fashion plate man (Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces). Joseph Campbell, an expert on mythology has outlined a standard form for heroic stories. He identifies ten stages in a heros journey, noting that all of the stages have to occur in every heroic story.In the novel, The Hobbit, by J. R. R. Tolkien, Bilbo Baggins is described as an marvelous hero. According to Campbell, heroes are lots the most unlikely person that each unmatched would express to be chosen for an adventure. Bilbo goes by dint of many of the stages identified by Campbell for a heros journey such as being called to an adventure, attempting to get rid of the opportunity, encouraging Gandalf, a protagonister whoguidesand protects him, and leaving the safe haven of his hobbit plate to cross the limen venturing into the unknown.Bilbo Baggins is described as a respectable hobbit who comes from a rich family that never did anything unexpected, and never took adventures. His peaceful life was interrupted one day by a visit from a wizard named Gandalf. Gandalf had stubborn that Bilbo would make an excellent burglar on an adventure he was planning, because he could move quickly and very quietly. To this request Bilbo promptly replied We are patently quiet folk and have no use for adventures. Nasty uncomfortable things Make you late for dinner I cant impinge on what anybody sees in themGood morning we dont want any adventures here, thank you (6). Gandalf does not really give the hobbit a choice some going on the adventure. He marks the hobbits door with his provide indicating that he is interested in an adventure, and soon after, dwarves start appearing at his door pervert. Bilbo had been called to an adventure by an outside force, attempted to refuse the call, and ended up accepting the adventure. This is the first stage in a heros journey. Another component of a heros journey includes aguide. Gandalf, a wizard capable of performingmagic spellsaccompanies Bilbo and the dwarves on go against of their quest.Like many supernatural aids, he is called upon at different points in the journey to save the others. Bilbo discovers three trolls sitting around a fire. The trolls look Bilbo when he tries to steal a purse from William, one of the trolls. The dwarves are overly caught. Then, the trolls begin to argue about whether or not they should fertilise the dwarves and Bilbo. Gandalf returns dear in time, and saves Bilbo and the dwarves. According to Campbell, the hero must fulfill the quest exploitation his own strengths alone, so he can learn what his strengths are. Where was Gandalf (56). After Gandalf andthe societyare saved by the eagles from the Goblins and the Wargs, they are taken to safety to e at and rest. The nextday, Gandalf tells them that he must leave for a while. The guideoften disappears at some point along the journey to allow this to happen, which Gandalf does. With the help ofthe guide, Bilbo evolves as a leader and a hero of the group by showing his strengths. Bilbo was very brave when he got was separated from the rest of the group, and had to take his way out of the evil mountain.He also thought of a clever plan to put all of the dwarves in barrels and canvas them down the river to escape. These strengthsshowhow Bilbo started out extremely cautious, and became a great leader. Bilbo eventually accepts the idea that he is leaving his safe haven in the shire and accepting the call and risks the adventure brings. . Bilbo could never remember how he plant himself outside, without awalkingstick or any money trail as fast as his feet could carry him down the lane (28). He was on his way with Gandalf to meet the others at the Inn to begin the journey.He and the others mounted the ponies and headed into the Lone-lands. He even thought to himself early in the touch off that adventures were not so bad after all. He had taken a bigstepas he crossed the first threshold leaving his home behind to enter a world unknown. This is a critical stage in a heros journey. Bilbo Baggins clearly emerges as a heroic figure as he progresses through the stages of a heros journey as outlined by Campbell. He was called to an adventure by an outside force, Gandalf. As with many heroes he attempted to refuse the offer, but was unsuccessful.Gandalf the wizard acts as hisguideand protector along the journey, while still allowing him to reveal his own strengths. Bilbo takes a criticalstepin theprocessas he crosses the threshold from his safe environment into onefilled withdanger. He was transformed from a cautious, home kind hobbit at the beginning ofthe storyinto a brave confident hero by the end. According to Thorin, Bilbo had becomea good companion on our lon g road and a hobbit full of courage and resource farther exceeding his size (191).

Phil .Literature Essay

Filipino literary production during the the Statesn end in the Philippines was spurred by both significant developments in teaching and glossiness. unitary is the introduction of free public instruction for all(a) children of initiate mount and two, the use of position as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools. Free public education make knowledge and in sortation accessible to a greater number of Philippines. Those who availed of this education through college were able to improve their social status and joined a good number of educated masses who became part of the countrys middle class.The use of face as medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to Anglo-American modes of thought, culture and life ways that would be embedded non only in the publications turnd but in addition in the psyche of the countrys educated class. It was this educated class that would be the wellspring of a vibrant Philippine literary works in side. Philippine lite rature in side, as a direct result of American colonization of the country, could not burst forth being imitative of American models of constitution especially during its finale of apprenticeship.The meter written by early poets manifested studied attempts at versification as in the following poem which is proof of the poets rather elementary play in the English dustup Vacation days at tolerate are here, And we have time for fun so dear, All boys and girls do gladly cheer, This welcomed sea boy of the year. In early June in school well tint A harder task shall we complete And if we fail we must repeat That self-importance same task without retreat. We simply rest to come again To school where boys and girls obtain The Creators gift to men Whose sanguine hopes in us remain. Vacation means a time for playFor teenage and old in night and day My wish for all is to be gay, And evil none have you astray- Juan F. Salazar Philippines Free Press, May 9, 1909 The poem was anthologi zed in the first collection of poem in English, Filipino Poetry, edited by Rodolfo Dato (1909 1924). Among the poets featured in this anthology were Proceso Sebastian Maximo Kalaw, Fernando Maramag, Leopoldo Uichanco, Jose Ledesma, Vicente Callao, Santiago Sevilla, Bernardo Garcia, Francisco Africa, Pablo Anzures, Carlos P. Romulo, Francisco Tonogbanua, Juan Pastrana, Maria Agoncillo, Paz Marquez Benitez, Luis Dato and many opposites.Another anthology, The English German Anthology of Poetsedited by Pablo Laslo was published and covered poets published from 1924-1934 among whom were Teofilo D. Agcaoili, Aurelio Alvero, Horacio de la Costa, Amador T. Daguio, Salvador P. Lopez, Angela Manalang Gloria, Trinidad Tarrosa, Abelardo Subido and Jose Garcia Villa, among others. A third pre-war collection of poetry was edited by Carlos Bulosan, Chorus for America Six Philippine Poets. The six poets in this collection were Jose Garcia Villa, Rafael Zulueta da Costa, Rodrigo T. Feria, C. B. Rigor, Cecilio Baroga and Carlos Bulosan.In fiction, the period of apprenticeship in literary writing in English is label by imitation of the style of spirit level revealing and strict adherence to the craft of the concisely fiction as practiced by popular American fictionists. early(a) short story writers in English were often dubbed as the Andersons or Saroyans or the Hemingways of Philippine letters. Leopoldo Yabes in his study of the Philippine short story in English from 1925 to 1955 points to these models of American fiction exerting profound influence on the early writings of story writers like Francisco Arcellana, A.E. Litiatco, Paz Latorena. . When the University of the Philippines was founded in 1908, an elite convention of writers in English began to exert influence among the culturati. The U. P. Writers Club founded in 1926, had express that one of its aims was to enhance and propagate the wrangle of Shakespeare. In 1925, Paz Marquez Benitez short story, un ap ply Stars was published and was made the landmark of the maturity of the Filipino writer in English. Soon after Benitez, short story writers began publishing stories no thirster imitative of American models.Thus, story writers like Icasiano Calalang, A. E. Litiatco, Arturo Rotor, Lydia Villanueva, Paz Latorena , Manuel Arguilla began publishing stories manifesting both delicate use of the language and a keen Filipino sensibility. This combi domain of writing in a borrowed tongue plot of land dwelling on Filipino customs and traditions earmarked the literary output of major Filipino fictionists in English during the American period. Thus, the major novels of the period, such as the Filipino Rebel, by Maximo Kalaw, and His native Australian Soil by Juan C.Laya, are discourses on cultural identity, nationhood and being Filipino done in the English language. Stories such as How My Brother Leon Brought habitation a Wife by Manuel Arguilla scanned the scenery as well as the folkways of Ilocandia while N. V. M. Gonzaless novels and stories such as Children of the Ash Covered Loam, toast the panorama of Mindoro, in all its customs and traditions while configuring its characters in the military personnel dilemma of nostalgia and poverty.Apart from Arguilla and Gonzales, noted fictionists during the period included Francisco Arcellana, whom Jose Garcia Villa lauded as a genius storyteller, Consorcio Borje, Aida Rivera, Conrado Pedroche, Amador Daguio, Sinai Hamada, Hernando Ocampo, Fernando Maria Guerrero. Jose Garcia Villa himself wrote several short stories but devoted approximately of his time to poetry. In 1936, when the Philippine Writers League was organized, Filipino writers in English began discussing the value of literature in society. Initiated and led by Salvador P.Lopez, whose acts on Literature and Societyprovoked takes, the discussion centered on proletarian literature, i. e. , engaged or move literature versus the art for arts sake literary orie ntation. save this discussion curiously left out the issue of colonialism and colonial literature and the whole place of literary writing in English low a colonial set-up that was the Philippines then. With Salvador P. Lopez, the essay in English gained the upper fall in in day to day discourse on politics and governance. Polemicists who used to write in Spanish like Claro M.Recto, slowly started using English in the discussion of current events even as newspaper dailies go away from Spanish reporting into English. Among the essayists, Federico Mangahas had an easy facility with the language and the essay as genre. Other noted essayists during the period were Fernando Maramag, Carlos P. Romulo , Conrado Ramirez. On the other hand, the florescence of a vibrant literary tradition due to historical events did not altogether hamper literary production in the native or indigenous languages.In fact, the early period of the twentieth century was unusual for the significant literary o utput of all major languages in the mixed literary genre. It was during the early American period that seditious plays, using the form of the zarsuwela, were mounted. Zarsuwelistas Juan Abad, Aurelio Tolentino ,Juan Matapang Cruz. Juan Crisostomo Sotto mounted the classics like Tanikalang Ginto, Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas and Hindi Ako Patay, all directed against the American imperialists. Patricio Marianos Anak ng Dagat and Severino Reyess Walang Sugat are equally remarkable zarsuwelas present during the period.On the eve of World War II, Wilfredo Maria Guerrero would gain command in field of battle through his one-act plays which he toured through his mobile theatre. Thus, Wanted a Chaperone and The Forsaken Housebecame very popular in campuses end-to-end the archipelago. The novel in Tagalog, Iloko, Hiligaynon and Sugbuanon also developed during the period aided for the approximately part by the steady publication of weekly magazines like the Liwayway, Bannawag and Bisaya whi ch serialized the novels. Among the early Tagalog novelists of the 20th century were Ishmael Amado, Valeriano Hernandez Pena, Faustino Aguilar, Lope K.Santos and Lazaro Francisco. Ishmael Amados Bulalakaw ng Pag-asa published in 1909 was one of the earliest novels that dealt with the makeup of American imperialism in the Philippines. The novel, however, was not released from the printing press until 1916, at which time, the author, by his own admission and after having been sent as a pensionado to the U. S. , had other ideas apart from those he wrote in the novel. Valeriano Hernandez Penas Nena at Neneng narrates the story of two women who happened to be best of friends as they cope with their relationships with the men in their lives.Nena succeeds in her married life while Neneng suffers from a stormy marriage because of her jealous husband. Faustino Aguilar published Pinaglahuan, a complete triangle set in the early years of the century when the actors movement was being organi ze. The novels hero, Luis Gatbuhay, is a histrion in a printery who isimprisoned for a false accusation and loses his have intercourse, Danding, to his rival Rojalde, son of a wealthy capitalist. Lope K. Santos, Banaag at Sikat has almost the same theme and motif as the hero of the novel, Delfin, also falls in sock with a rich woman, daughter of a wealthy landlord.The love story of course is set also within the background of development of the thespians trade union movement and throughout the novel, Santos engages the readers in drawn-out treatises and discourses on socialism and capitalism. Many other Tagalog novelists wrote on variations of the same theme, i. e. , the interplay of fate, love and social justice. Among these writers are Inigo Ed Regalado, Roman Reyes, Fausto J. Galauran, Susana de Guzman, Rosario de Guzman-Lingat, Lazaro Francisco, Hilaria Labog, Rosalia Aguinaldo, Amado V. Hernandez.Many of these writers were able to produce three or more novels as Soledad Rey es would bear out in her book which is the result of her dissertation, Ang Nobelang Tagalog (1979). Among the Iloko writers, noted novelists were Leon Pichay, who was also the regions poet honourable then, Hermogenes Belen, and Mena Pecson Crisologo whose Mining wenno Ayat ti Kararwa is considered to be the Iloko version of a Noli me Tangere. In the Visayas, Magdalena Jalandoni and Ramon Muzones would lead most writers in writing the novels that dwelt on the themes of love, courtship, life in the farmlands, and other social upheavals of the period.Marcel Navarra wrote stories and novels in Sugbuhanon. Poetry in all languages proceed to flourish in all regions of the country during the American period. The Tagalogs, hailing Francisco F. Balagtas as the nations foremost poet invented the balagtasan in his revere. Thebalagtasan is a debate in verse, a poetical joust done almost spontaneously between protagonists who debate over the pros and cons of an issue. The first balagtasan was held in March 1924 at the Instituto de Mujeres, with Jose Corazon de Jesus and Florentino Collantes as rivals, bubuyog (bee) and paru-paro (butterfly) aiming for the love of kampupot (jasmine).It was during this balagtasan that Jose Corazon de Jesus, known as Huseng Batute, emerged triumphant to become the first world power of the Balagtasan. Jose Corazon de Jesus was the finest master of the genre. He was later followed by balagtasistas, Emilio Mar Antonio and Crescenciano Marquez, who also became King of the Balagtasan in their own time. As Huseng Batute, de Jesus also produced the finest poems and lyrics during the period. His debates with Amado V. Hernandez on the political issue of independence from America and nationhood were mostly done in verse and are testament to the vitality of Tagalog poetry during the era.Lope K. Santos, desperate poem, Ang Panggingera is also proof of how poets of the period have come to master the language to be able to translate it into effective poetry. The balagtasan would be echoed as a poetical fiesta and would be duplicated in the Ilocos as thebukanegan, in honor of Pedro Bukaneg, the supposed transcriber of the epic, Biag ni Lam-ang and theCrissottan, in Pampanga, in honor of the regard poet of the Pampango, Juan Crisostomo Sotto. In 1932, Alejandro G. Abadilla , armed with new criticism and an orientation on modernist poetry would taunt traditional Tagalog poetics with the publication of his poem, Ako ang Daigdig. Abadillas poetry began the era of modernism in Tagalog poetry, a departure from the traditional rhymed, measured and orally recited poems. Modernist poetry which utilized free or blank verses was intended more for slow reading than oral delivery. Noted poets in Tagalog during the American period were Julian Cruz Balmaceda, Florentino Collantes, Pedro Gatmaitan, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Benigno Ramos, Inigo Ed. Regalado, Ildefonso Santos, Lope K. Santos, Aniceto Silvestre, Emilio Mar.Antonio, Alejand ro Abadilla and Teodoro Agoncillo. Like the writers in English who formed themselves into organizations, Tagalog writers also formed the Ilaw at Panitik, and held discussions and workshops on the value of literature in society. Benigno Ramos, was one of the most politicized poets of the period as he aligned himself with the peasants of the Sakdal Movement. Fiction in Tagalog as well as in the other languages of the regions developed alongside the novel. roughly fictionists are also novelists.Brigido Batungbakal , Macario Pineda and other writers chose to dwell on the vicissitudes of life in a changing rural landscape. Deogracias Del Rosario on the other hand, chose the city and the emerge social elite as subjects of his stories. He is considered the father of the modern short story in Tagalog Among the more popular fictionists who emerged during the period are two women writers, Liwayway Arceo and Genoveva Edroza Matute, considered forerunners in the use of light fiction, a kind o f story telling that uses language through poignant rendition.Genoveva Edroza Matutes Akoy Isang Tinig and Liwayway Arceos Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa have been used as models of fine writing in Filipino by teachers of composition throughout the school system. Teodoro Agoncillos anthology 25 Pinakamahusay na Maiikling Kuwento (1945) included the foremost writers of fiction in the pre-war era.The separate, yet parallel developments of Philippine literature in English and those in Tagalog and other languages of the archipelago during the American period only prove that literature and writing in whatever language and in whatever climate are able to survive in general through the active imagination of writers. Apparently, what was lacking during the period was for the writers in the sundry(a) languages to come together, share experiences and come to a conclusion on the elements that identify good writing in the Philippines.

10 Things and Taming of the Shrew Comparison Essay

The playwright of Taming of the Shrew, by Shakespe atomic number 18, and the film text 10 Things I abhor astir(predicate) You, withdrawed by Gil Junga, convey similar mends, just, the composition of these cardinal texts spreads across 400 years. With this, audiences who have experienced two of these texts back end spectator the differences of the society within the seventeenth and the 20th degree Celsius. This is conveyed th cranky the societal place setting of some(prenominal) eras (the Elizabethan Era and 20th blow USA) and also the Shakespearean vocabulary in contrast with the colloquial language. non only do these play a part, but the gender roles of both women and men are distinctly represented.Finally, the plat and events of both texts coincide with the leveler(a) issues mentioned. Through all this, there are still discrete and direct links of 10 Things I Hate about You with Taming of the Shrew. Although the upstart twenty-four hour period appropriation of The Shrew, 10 Things, follows the same storyline and plot, the social context altogether contrasts with that of The Shrew. One aspect of where this put across is how men were considered to be choice to women in the Elizabethan Era, compared to the equal values of both men and women in the 20th century.These related to audiences of both centuries as society considered this to be the check way of living. The quote made by Pertruchio towards quatherina, Women are made to bear, and so are you. (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 203) portrays how a wo adult male must attend that of a man in the 17th century. In 20th century society, this would be unheard of. Also, the reasoning behind the popularity of both texts was that Shakespeare and Gil Junga chose to express their text in the most popular form of entertainment of their beat. Playwrights were considered to be the favourited form of entertainment of the 17th century and film was that of the 20th century.See to a greater extent Recruitment and selection process essayThe language used from both texts reflects and appeal to the audiences of the different time periods. Shakespeare uses quite poetic and refined language to gain interest of the audiences of that time. Gil Junga in his film text has quite rough edged, colloquial language, to replica modern teenagers. However both playwright and theater director allocate different levels of language to different participants of their text to convey social standard, education rank and hierarchy. Yare a baggage. (Induction 1, line 3) This is talk by Christopher Sly, a drunken man in a run who is at the bottom of the social hierarchy.Compared to the Lord Huntsman, I charge thee, natural well my hounds (induction 1, line 12) who uses sophisticated language. This is mirrored in 10 Things with kat and Chastity (Biancas best friend). quat is obviously highly educated, and in the scene with all the cars and students in the beginning of the film, cat-o-nine-tails makes a take note of, Remove head from sphincter, then drive. As she almost crashes into Michael. Compared to Chastity in the same scene, in a somewhat, stupid manner, she questions, I know you can be underwhelmed, and you can be overwhelmed, but can you just be whelmed? Gender roles within the two texts can be considered the most substantial aspects of both centuries.In the Elizabethan era, the role of women was to obey the word of a man. They were not expected to have an opinion. They were to get married and be the nurturers of the family. uncontrollable women were classified as shrews. On the other side of the spectrum, women in the modern day film have equal values and rites of men. This is put across majorly by hombre. She is classified as a Heinous bitch by her peers. As viewed in her English lessons, she has her own opinion.She recites her favourite writers who are famous feminist women, such as Charlotte Bronte and Sylvia Plath. Conclusions can be made that Kat herself is a feminis t. However, due to lack of opinions made by women in Elizabethan times, Katherina is unable to explain why she is the way she is. Katherinas modern counterpart, Kat has the option to compose statements and opinions. The scene in which Kat and Bianca are in Biancas room, Kat explains how she once dated Joey in the Ninth Grade, however Joey was trying to take advantage of her.The result is her present, objective opinions, her personality and behaviour. Finally, the plot and events of both texts reflect the time and culture they were written in. The key plots of these texts are relatively identical everyone wants Bianca, however Katherina/Kat must be taken first. The aspect of marriage has been altered to dating to reflect the social context. A man from a distant place Pertruchio (from Verona) and Patrick Verona (from Australia) is introduced to try and woo Kat/Katherina. The dowry is replaced by money from Joey to date Kat.However, the ending greatly differs to The Shrew. Patrick realizes he has started to have genuine feelings for Kat, unlike Pertruchio who continues to abuse Katherina. Patrick publically expresses his contend to Kat with the pole scene in which he sings and dances to Cant land My Eyes off of You. The lyrics state, I love you baby, and if its quite alright, I need you baby. In Shakespearean times, public affection was rarely or never expressed. Finally, the film concludes with both Kat and Patrick genuinely in love with one another.In comparison to The Shrew, Katherina reluctantly decides to obey the bidding of her husband, Pertruchio. It was considered ruler for this particular time and culture to follow the words of a man and have no opinion. Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate about You hold insight of the revolution of time and how all texts reflect the time and culture they were written in. This is depicted through the social context of the 17th and 20th century, and changes in language structure and form, the alteration of ge nder roles and finally, the plot and events through the changes of social context.

Notions of class, status and caste and significant throughout Asia

Asia is synonymous to whizz word exotic. With its temperate climate, architectural wonders, tropical greenery, grow urban communities, rich history, and a melting pot of ethnic meetings, it rattling is a gem. T here(predicate) is also one thing that makes Asia stand by- its coating and usance. The Far East, as Asia is some(a)times called, had been colonized by western powers, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Americans, Portuguese, British, Spanish, Dutch, and French. This gave rise to a diverse array of cultures, with influences brought by the outsiders interspersing with those of its local anesthetic inhabitants. One interesting aspect of Asian culture is the association arranging/ cab art or social stratification.Caste is a social mixture dodge bestowed hereditarily (Bogard, et al, 1997). The word traces its roots from the Portuguese word casta, a fair(prenominal) form of casto, derived from the Latin castus, which means pure (The American inheritance, 2000). India , for instance, is kat oncen for its order society (McNeill, 1990). Dowling (2005) noned that the Aryans, warriors from Central Asia, were responsible for bringing company system into India. After defeating the Dravidians of Central India in 15000 BC, the Aryans created some from of social structure (2005). however, McNeill (1990) argued that caste system started long ago (p.126).He stated, About 300 BC, a Greek ambassador to the court of Magadha, named Megasthenes, wrote a book about India in which he described seven hereditary classes into which, he said, Indian society was divided (p. 126). The caste system, he remarked, was probably created for members of any collection to do things without any hindrance coming from various groups. Caste system allowed group members to keep most off their own ways and inner values, and uphold private family customs, while remedy spending their fits in close day-after-day contact with all sorts of populate (1990).Aryans divided the ca ste system into four- Brahmin, imperturbable of priests, teachers and judges, Kshatriya or the warriors, Vaisya, consisted of merchants and farmers, and shudras, or laborers (Dowling, 2005). Below the shudras were the untouchables or outcastes (2005).The untouchables had the lowest position in the caste system. They were not allowed to enter temples and schools. They were even not allowed to get body of water from wells were taller castes obtained theirs (2005). Some untouchables converted to other religious naming such as Islam and Christianity to evacuate the plague of cosmos outcastes (2005).The foundation of the caste system was based on two things- samsara or reincarnation and karma or quality of action (Bogard, et al., 1997). The Brahmins believed that an infant inhabits the soul of another human being or an animal (McNeill, 1990). He explainedSouls that in actor lives had gathered a heavy load of karma, then wereborn into babies of the lowest castes. Those who in forme r lives hadaccumulated only a little karma earned the right to be born as Brahmans andthose in amongst caste status. Persons who lived well in whatever caste theyhad been born to could hope for rebirth higher on the scale. ( p.126)Compliance with the rules whitethorn result to reincarnation into higher caste (Bogard, et al., 1997). Women, however, may have the privilege of coming back as an animal if they are good enough (1997).Other elaborate on the creation of the Indian caste system, however, were not clear. McNeill (1990) noted that the Indian caste system was not just make up of four classes. The Brahmanas did not provide details of establishment of the caste system. As McNeill noticed, In other words, we have here a theory rather than a description of what really existed (p. 126).However the case may be, Indias caste system has been deemed il licit (Dowling, 2005, para.5). It was officially abolished in 1947 (McNeill, 1990). But it is integral to Indian society and has mold ed India into what it is now (1990). McNeill added that the caste system allowed very primitive ideas and magical practices to survive indefinitely (p.128).But even with its abolition, caste system still exists in some Indian communities, especially in rural ones (1990). Several measures have been interpreted up to reduce its effect on people and communities. The Indian regimen has introduced government privileges to the untouchables, now known as Harijan (2005). However, the Harijan still receive little opportunities, educational and employment-wise.Another Asian country that has stratify society is Indonesia, specifically the Balinese (Frederick and Worden, 1993). The Balinese reside in the islands of Bali and Lombok and some parts of Sumbawa (1993). The caste system dates back to the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the time when Javanese princes flew to Bali to avoid the advances of Islam (1993). The Balinese has had, since then, mingled with the locals and asserted an anti -Islamic political perspective (1993).The Balinese caste system was based on the Indian caste system ( companionable System,1998). The three classes were the Brahman, Ksatriya, and Wesya. The three made up the Triwangsa, which means three peoples (1998, para.9). The Triwangsa was the highest three societal stratification (1998, para.9). The classes comprised 10 % of the populace and lived in puri (1998, para.9)According to a Hindu myth ( cordial System, 1998), Brahman or god, was separated. His mouth developed into the Brahman, his arms became the Ksatriya, his thighs were the Wesya class, and out of his feet borne the Sudra class. The classes are akin to the human being, various parts have different purposes but all need to work together to survive.Brahman comprised priests, scholars and teachers (Social System,1998). They also had special privileges in burial rights and were entitled to a high level of ritual communication (1998, para.12). The Ksatriya was represented by warriors , rajas or princes whereas merchants hide into the Wesya caste (1998). The majority of Balinese, however, belonged to the Shudra class (Frederick and Worden, 1993).The Shudra or Sudra class consisted of the commoners (Social System,1998). Unlike their Indian counterpart, the Sudra caste was not considered untouchables (1998). The Sudra served as laborers for the three classes (1998). Since they did not know how to read or write, they depended on the upper classes to interpret religious texts and prayers (1998, para.16).Caste was based on birth (Social System, 1998). Each caste followed certain rules. Caste rules were purely observed. One rule involved addressing Triwangsa caste properly (1998). Another one was the responsibility of each caste member to offer assistance to other castes when needed (1998).Compared to the Indian caste system, the Balinese caste was not that rigid. Frederick and Worden (1993) pointed out that the Balinese caste system involves no occupational speciali zations or ideas about ritual contaminations between ranks (1993). Marriage between ranks was not forbidden.Today, the Balinese are caught between adhering to tradition and adapting to variety show (Frederick and Worden, 1993).They are starting to question the traditions and are caught in the middle of obeying years-old rules or completely junking them in favor of modernization.If the Balinese are torn between tradition and urbanization, the Philippines have managed to phase out its own indication of caste system.The Spaniards village of the Philippines gave birth to the concept of barangay (Cunanan, 1986). The barangay was considered the basic political unit (1986). It consisted of thirty to liter families. A chief datu, who came from the aristocrat clan called maharlika, led a barangay (1986). The maharlika had servants called aliping namamahay or aliping sagigilid (1986). The aliping namamahay were responsible for building houses, tending the farms of the datus, among other th ings. On the other hand, the aliping sagigilid were house-bound (1986). They were both taken into forced custody or served as payments for debts (1986).The barangays were soon merged into a bigger unit called encomiendas (Cunanan, 1986). An encomienda was awarded to the conguistadores and religious orders for their meritorious services in the conquest of the native people (1986). By 17th century, the encomiendas were completely wiped out in favor of creating provinces (1986).At present, the Philippines have a modern version of the caste system the superior-servant or class help type. In Western countries, it is interesting to note that only the rich and privileged have acquired household help. In the Philippines, household help is common, especially in urban communities. These people are employed in houses to fend for the inhabitants need such as cooking their meals, doing laundry and cleaning the house. Household help are ordinarily those that did not finish school or came from poor families. Majority of them live with the families they tend to, with some slowly being recognized as family members.For a country known for its homogeneity, Japan, surprisingly, had a caste system (Reischauer, 1988). The outcast group was called burakumin or hamlet people (1988). The burakumin roots backs to the feudal era. They were known by different names but were popularly known as burakumin, an abridgment from a form which means people of special hamlets (1988).They were no different from other Japanese but what set them apart was their occupation. Reischauer (1988) described themThis group, which accounts for less(prenominal) than 2 percent of the population, probablyoriginated from various sources, such as the vanquished in wars or those whosework was considered particularly demeaning. Clearly they included people assiduous in leather work or butchery, since the Buddhist prejudice against the victorious of all animal life made others look down of such persons, thought, itshould be noted, not on the butchers of human life in the feudal societydominated by a military elite. (p. 35).Since 1871, the burakumin received legal equality but prejudice is still felt. Some Japanese are said to be reluctant to have contact with them and are close to check family records to ensure that they avoid intermarriage (p. 35). Nowadays, the burakumin are becoming less recognizable (p. 35.)Asia is truly a mix of both worlds. The importance given to class, status or society stratification is a direct demonstration of its history and people. While some may say that social classes realise inequality in society, it has defined rules on how a society or system would work. Bringing discipline and order into a society was substantial in a caste system. It has also fostered unity among class members. tyrannical and negative effects are embedded into any social stratification system. But the very same diverse ideas and counterculture are the ones that helped shape Asia in to what it is now- a wonderful hodgepodge that is deeply textured.ReferencesBogard, M., Gilbert, L., Jones, M., Nida, B., Swanson, A., & Young, S. (1997). Historyof the caste system.Cunanan, J.P. (1986). developing of labour legislation in Asia.Hong Kong DAGA CCA-URM.Dowling, M (2005). The caste system of antiquated India at mrdowling.com.Retrieved 30 April 2007 from http//www.mrdowling.com/612-caste.htmlFrederick, W.H. & Worden, R.L. (Eds.). (1993). Indonesia a country study.Washington GPO for the depository library of Congress.McNeill, W.H. (1990). A history of the human community (3rd ed.).New Jersey prentice Hall.Reischauer, E.O. (1988). The Japanese today. Massachusetts Belnap Press ofHarvard University Press.Social System. (1998). Retrieved 30 April 2007 fromhttp//www.balivision.com/Article_Resources/SocialSystem.aspThe American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.) (2000).USA Houghton Mifflin Company.   

Health Care Museum Essay

1. universe wellnessAs stated by military commission for the Study of the Future of Public Health Division of Health apprehension Services, Prior to the eighteenth century there was several epidemics of plague, cholera, and smallbox, which provoked discontinuous semipublic efforts to protect citizens in the face of a dread distemper (1988, p.57). During the eighteenth century public health aw atomic number 18ness and efforts helped ailment to be seen through a new scope of human health conditions alternatively than a super natural effect that could be controlled through closing off of the ill and quarantine of spate who traveled. many people thought disease was contributed to poor moral or even a spiritual intermediate factor that could be healed through prayer and/or meditation. Public Health has several melio footstep factors amongst people in the coupled States.These improving factors include but are not limited to encumbrance measures of imperative infectious diseas e, immunizations, safer and healthier foods, and a cleaner environment. Public health has helped abate infirmary infections and diseases from spreading in numerous ways. One important role public health has implement is the learning of flip over washing in hospitals and with food handling as sanitary. By educating people near hand washing, it has decreased transmission of bacteria from spreading to patient to patient. Proper stairs such as lathering give with soap, rubbing hands together for 15 seconds, using a clean paper towel to dry hands and lastly turning off water with a paper towel has help prevent transmission of multiple bacteria from spreading.2. PenicillinPenicillin was discovered by Dr. Alexander Fleming in 1928. Dr. Alexander Fleming was a bacteriologist and discovered penicillin, a mold, when examining colonies of staphylococci aureus on petri dishes in his laboratory. Upon examining the colonies of Staphylococcus aureus there where areas that did not inhibit h arvesting collect to the Penicillin mold. This discovery was extremely important in memorial because it send to the combat of infectious diseases. Penicillin was not used as an antibiotic until 1942. In 1942 Penicillin was used on its commencement patient who developed an infection by and by miscarrying. The clinical remnantore of penicillin was on a large scale of events, it has rail to a wide scale of antibiotics that is used today. These same technologies became the model for the emergence and production of new types of bioproducts (i.e., anti undersurfacecer agents, monoclonal antibodies, and industrial enzymes).The clinical pretend of penicillin was large and immediate. By ushering in the widespread clinical use of antibiotics, penicillin was responsible for(p) for enabling the control of many infectious diseases that had previously burdened mankind, with attendant impact on global population demographics. Moreover, the large cumulative public effect of the many new antibiotics and new bioproducts that were developed and commercialized on the basis of the science and engineering science after penicillin demonstrates that penicillin had the great therapeutic impact event of all times (Kardos N, Demain Al)3. American florid crossThe American wild tail was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton. Clara Barton visited Europe and heard ab emerge the Swiss-inspired Red Cross. When she returned home from her visit she campaigned for an American Red Cross and for confirmation of the Geneva Convention protecting the war-injured, which the United States ratified in 1882 (American cross.org). The conclusion of the American Red Cross is to back up in giving residual and to help service a medium communication between the American build up forces and their families. During World War II, the American Red Cross initiated a solid groundal blood weapons platform that obtained over 13.3 million pints of blood for the armed forces. The American Red Cross has a huge impact nation wide and with the United States.The American Red Cross responds to aiding in study disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and wars. Their response system excessively educates in nutrition,  mishap prevention, home do for the sick, safety training, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation/AED training, HIV/AIDS education along with emotional care and raise during disasters. One of the major add factors of the American Red Cross is its blood program. Its blood program supplies more than 40 percent of the blood products in the United States (American Cross, 2014). Many hospitals and health care facilities acquire their blood products from the American Red Cross to transfuse into their patients, which has retaind thousands of lives.4. CPRCPR was developed in the 1700 to that the lives of drowning victims. Over a hundred years later, in 1891, Dr. Friedrich Maass finished the first enter chest compressions on a human. In 1960, a group of resuscitation pioneers, Drs. ray of light Safar, James Jude, and William Bennett Kouwenhouven, combined mouth-to-mouth breathing with chest compressions to create Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, the lifesaving march we now call CPR (American snapper Association, 2014) CPR was once cognise to only be performed by people in the health care field. Today, there are more than 12 million people annually who are trained in CPR and advanced life support who certified to aid in rescuing lives. CPR has increased the survival rate of patients who are in sudden cardiac arrest. According to the American Heart Association, nearly 383,000 sudden cardiac arrests occur annually out of the hospital, and 88 percent of sudden cardiac arrests occur at home5. MEDICAREIn 1965 President Johnson signed into law the Medicare program. The Medicare program was put into place due to several Americans over 65 who were unable to obtain health check checkup insurance. thither were numerous factors leading to Americans not being ab le to charter health check insurance. Some people were unable to pay for private insurance at the same time some employers do not offer medical insurance. According to the CMS (2013) on March 26, 1965 congressional leaders discussed the Medicare legislation plan. In this discussion it was stated that every American over the age of 65 will be guaranteed comprehensive Hospital medical protection for the rest of their life. For three dollars a month after he is 65, he in any case receives full coverage for medical, surgical, and other fees whether he is in or out of the hospital (p. 10). Today Medicare serves a large population for the elderly and alter individuals. Theres several different types of Medicare plans.There is a medical Medicare part a Medicare part B and the Medicare part C. Medicare part A and B is the original Medicare plans, Medicare advantage is part C and theres also a prescription drug program which is part D Medicare advantage part C and part D are offered by private insurance companies. The wonderful thing about Medicare, is Medicare can be a supplement health insurance. Meaning that an individual can have a private health insurance such as ghastly Cross or Blue Shield and in addition to that they can also have Medicare. For example if a patient has Blue Cross or Blue Shield that would be their primary insurance and Medicare would be their secondary insurance. Both insurances would be billed, leaving no out of liquid ecstasy expenses for the patient.Our healthcare system evolves day by day. With new innovation and technology enhancements our healthcare delivery system has empowered us to provide the lowest quality of care. Form the public health system taking the preventative measures of controlling infectious disease is with the education of hand washing skills to the exploitation of antibiotics. Penicillin paved the way for curing infections, thus improving life expectancy. Penicillin was first antibiotic to be used on a human being, and has also enabled scientists to develop and produce different types of new antibiotics. The introduction of cardio pulmonary resuscitation helps save lives every day, whether the patient be in or out of the hospital setting. With the help of the American Red Cross educating and training thousands of people to perform CPR, CPR has increased the survival rate of many people who expunge victim to the sudden cardiac arrest.Not only has the American Red Cross assisted in educating people on how to perform CPR but also has saved thousands of lives with its blood program. Its blood programs supplies 40% of the United States blood products, impacting the lives of individuals who need a blood transfusion as well as their loved ones. The American Red Cross has helped in aid relief efforts for major disasters and is a crucial link between families and the gird Forces. As a link between Armed Forces and families the American Red Cross facilitates the transportation of military men a nd women with the connection to their ill family member(s). As peoples life expectancy tends to increase many people who are 65 and over utilize the need for Medicare. Medicare pays for millions of senior citizens including those who are disabled. The healthcare system is a huge umbrella, where each part functions as a whole, one cannot function without the other.ReferencesAmerican Heart Association. (2014). CPR Statistics. Retrieved fromhttp//www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/WhatisCPR/CPRFactsandStats/CPR-Statistics_UCM_307542_Article.jspAmerican Red Cross. (2014). A Brief level of the American Red Cross. Retrieved fromhttp//www.redcross.org/about-us/historyCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2013).CMS History Project Presidents Speeches Table of Contents pdf. Retrieved fromhttp//www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/Downloads/CMSPresidentsSpeeches.pdfCommittee for the Study of the Future of Public Health Division of Health Care Services.(1988). The future of public health. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press.Kardos N, Demain AL. (2011). Penicillin the medicine with the greatest impact on therapeuticoutcomes. NCBI. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964640Kardos N, Demain AL.

Do you think that Mary Tudor deserved her title “Bloody Mary” or was she simply misunderstood?

History has not been kind to bloody shame Tudor. Compared to what followed, her reign seems like a brief but misguided attempt to hold back Englands fatal transformation to Protestantism. Compared to what came before, her regime looks like the regressive episode of a hysterical woman. Considered on its own terms, however, the regime appears much more complex, leading contributors to this meretriciousness of screens to reach far different conclusions about her reign reestablishing traditional righteousness in England was an enormous undertaking that required rebuilding the Marian perform from the bottom up.Moreover, given more time it might have succeeded. Finally, as these essays continually remind us, concepts differentiating universality from Protestantism ideas taken for granted today were smooth being sorted out during this period. David Loadess introduction begins the volume by canvas the disturbance in religion during Marys lifetime. He links the spread of humanitari anism and classical scholarship to a substantial portion of this disturbance because it created an meliorate populace capable of raising questions about religious practices for which the traditional church building had no answers.Mary herself received a first-rate humanistic education and contemporaries even considered her well-educated. Loades suggests that, instead of unquestioningly embracing the tenants of the traditional Catholic faith, Mary was a conservative humanist with an extremely insular point of picture (18). Nevertheless, her humanistic training did not extend to her devotion to the sacrament of the communion table and her uncritical acceptance of the doctrine of transubstantiation. Ultimately, her uncompromising position on the latter(prenominal) would cause the downfall of many.After this introduction, the first section of the volume, entitled The Process, explores obstacles confronting the restoration of Catholicism in England, beginning with David Loadess examin ation of the degraded state of the episcopacy upon Marys accession, and her administrations attempts to restore it. Next, Claire bollocks up discusses Marian efforts to enact Catholic reforms in those strongholds of Protestant dissent, the face universities.The queens close to restore a community of monks at Westminster is the subject of a workplace by C.S. Knighton, who includes a detailed appendix identifying members of this community. In the sections last essay, Ralph Houlbrooke argues that western fence lizard acquiescence by one of Norwichs leading evangelical ministers, and the diligence of clergy and church service courts in upholding the Marian restoration, helped Norwich avoid large-scale persecution. Essays in the volumes second section, underlying Pole, focus on his role in reestablishing the legitimacy of the restored church. Thomas F.Mayer begins with an analysis of various court documents, and concludes that even though Paul IV had simply revoked Poles legatin e office, the matter remained unsettled, and Pole probably continued to function in that capacitance until the end of Marys reign. In the interest chapter, Poles 1557 St. Andrews Day sermon lets evidence for Eamon Duffys demurrer of the cardinals record not only as an outspoken advocate for the immenseness of preaching, but also as a hard-nosed realist confronting an entire state of apostatized Londoners.In the final essay of this section, John Edwards reveals that, unlike English documents, records from the Spanish and Roman Inquisitions indicate greater Spanish involvement in the restoration of English Catholicism than has been previously recognized. The subject of the final section of this book, The Culture, undertakes issues regarding the Marian Church and its people. Lucy Woodings essay considers how the multiple layers of symbolism found in the Mass provided a wide focal point for popular piety in the restored Church.In his essay on the theological works of Thomas Wats on, William Wizeman, S. J. , discusses Marian efforts to reeducate worshipers who, after a generation of religious turmoil, were unfamiliar with even the basic tenets of Catholicism. In the following chapter, Gary G. Gibbs reconsiders the eyewitness evidence provided by one Henry Machyn, Merchant Taylor of London, terminal that the Marian regime had indeed connected with enough loyal subjects to provide the queen with an effective base of power

A Wrinkle in Time Novel

Madeleine LEngles fabrication A Wrinkle in Time is about a three-year-old girl named meg Murry, who is far from perfect. While she does come from a close, agreeable family, Meg has low self-esteem and a stubborn personality. As she gets caught up in the combat to execute the universe from evil, Meg uses both her strengths and her weaknesses to tending her. The novel begins by introducing Meg as a girl who has precise low self-esteem.LEngle describes Beg making horrible faces at herself in the mirror, flash lamp a snarling smile of braces and messing up her mouse-brown hair. If Meg sighing loudly at her own reflection isnt enough to convince the reader that Meg doesnt like herself, the scene when she yells, I hate being an eccentric person should prove the point. Though Meg doesnt feel good about herself, she does care deeply about her family. She worries about her missing father and at long last goes to Camazotz to save him.While shes tessering around the universe, Meg s ees her mother crying affirm on Earth. Megs love for her mom is so infrangible that she reacts by getting angry, gaining more strength to use in the battle against evil. In the end, it is Megs love for her brother Charles Wallace that gives her the power to save him from IT. Throughout the novel, people tell Meg hat shes too stubborn. She gets in trouble in math class because she refuses to show her perish and do problems the teachers way.Shes even stubborn when shes sent to the office, and Principal Jenkins tells her to be less antagonistic. But it is this stubborn note that keeps Meg going in the fight against the Man with Red Eyes. A less strong-willed person would have backed down from hero-worship when faced with such an evil character. In conclusion, Meg is such an interest character because she is not perfect. She is a stubborn girl with low self-esteem, barely her love for her family helps her use her weaknesses for strength.

Altruism: Research perspectives from Current psychology Essay

altruism which can also be termed as selflessness is a principle of practice that concerns the welf be of others. This is whiz of the traditional virtues that were upheld by several cultures, secular views and religious traditions. This is a tractile notion that is understood variously in many disciplines although the common denominator of each the definitions is the ideology of unidirectional helping character.inside the clinical setting, altruism is a value that nurses as tradingals poses. Despite the enormous changes within the society and the ship canal in which training and education for nurses is delivered, nursing is highly underpinned by the beliefs and determine of the profession. The values that cast off been evaluated as selfless include c are for others, pedantic performance and self-control. Altruism is the key characteristic that all nurses and the health professionals are expected to have (Puka, 1994).The definition of altruism biologically is the behavior that single(a) poses and increases fitness of another person bandage at the same duration decreasing the fitness of the actor (Pallone, 1999). In this particular sense, it is in all different from the philosophical perspective whereby an action is only said to be altruistic if it was done with a conscious intention of helping another person. Within the nursing and health care fraternities, there are no restrictions to an altruistic act which is just but an act of helping an individual who as a problem or caring for others (Puka, 1994).The nursing and healthcare professionals feature the responsibility of being altruistic. This means that as professionals they have an ethical agreement give others what they need without any form of self-interest (Johnson, Larkin, & international type Aere Saks, 1995). roughly nurses who are altruistic will always make decisions totally that are in the best interest of the concerned patient. By being altruistic the nurses and healthcare profession als are being patient advocate, hence they will be practicing dear(p) ethics of nursing. During a moral code situation, the adrenaline of the nurses and healthcare professionals and in a life-saving mode. At this particular point they feel good being a nurse who can save the world as an individual, but when things doesnt go right this particular feeling is put option into a test and one keep asking him or herself questions(Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995).Many new nurses have very hard time while reservation decisions concerning life and death. In most cases it takes a lot of matureness to get wisdom, knowledge and certitude. Ethics in the healthcare and nursing profession is what it always drives the process of making decisions whether good or bad. Altruism as one of the most critical code of ethics should always be involved in any other decision that is made (Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995). Nurses are also put in a fix that they have to always respect the cultural beliefs an d the values of others. Just because nurses sometimes conceive they know the right thing to do, does not actually make it totally right. It is altruistic for the nurses and other health care professionals to honor and respect the wishes and beliefs of the patients. It is poor that they decisions that are made by the patients and their families are mainly driven by either grief of total lack of understanding (Puka, 1994).Conclusion              Altruism as part of ethics practiced by nurses encompasses the interpretation of an individual. It is ground totally on the values and morals that individuals possess. Although the Nurse Practice do have very good guidelines for how individuals should act it does not absolve individuals from making personal decisions concerning the issues at hand.ReferencesPallone, N. J. (1999). Altruism, narcissism, comity Research perspectives from Current psychology. new-made Brunswick, N.J accomplishment Publishers.Johnson , T., Larkin, G., & Saks, M. (1995). Health professions and the state in Europe. London Rutledge.Bailey, P. A., Carpenter, D. R., & Harrington, P. A. (1999).  compound community service into nursing education A guide to service-learning. New York, NY Springer Pub. Co.Puka, B. (1994). Reaching out Caring, altruism, and prosocial behavior. New York Garland.Source document

Miami Beach: An Ideal Place for Vacation

Leisure activities are those things d unrivaled by anyone voluntarily, during the time that he has no work. It is depicted as diversions or transplant of activity.They may be play activities for the youth and diversion for the adult. Further more(prenominal), they may be worthywhile physic onlyy, intellectually, socially, and spiritually to those who voluntarily p blindicipate in them. Or they may simply be pleasant and relaxing, as their idea of recreation.In doing his duties, an individual sometimes wonders how easily things come into place and unfold before him effortlessly. Yet at other times, he is surprised why he fails to do well, no matter how he attempts to do the best of his ability.This is, perhaps, because he needs to go out of his box once in a while to transform his routine. Energizing breaks after a day of work help one loosen up. As they say, All work and no play makes sea dog a dull boy.Hence, some people would love nothing more than taking a vacation for their recreation. One of the best places for vacation is Miami coast. It is a myriad of hotels, beautiful people, and nature in its finest form.Some popular hotels in Miami bound are Sagamore Hotel, Hotel of South Beach,and The Setai. For attractions, it has Deep Sea Fishing-Reward Fleet, Holocaust Memorial, art Deco Historic District, Bass Museum of Art, Wolfsonian, and many more.In Miami Beach, certain types of leisure activities appeal to antithetical types of people, and all of that can be experienced in this elegant and magnificent place. Family-oriented individuals can take their family with them to have some bonding. The whole family can de slack in , discover and explore the beauty of living.To nature lovers, they can enjoy the merry waters and warm skies caressing you as you experience fishing, boating, cruising, sunbathing and sight-seeing like you neer experienced them before. Art lovers may seek escape at the landscapes and the make-up of waves that touches the beach. Even walking on the beach, or sipping your coffee near the personate of water, brings enjoyment and fulfillment for them.Furthermore, their stay on Miami Beach can be more fruitful, and enriching by interacting with their family. Having worthwhile endeavors with your loved ones strengthens family ties. And with the right choice of place, Miami Beach becomes the haven of the familys wholeness.Look around and have pleasure learning things that you never knew you were equal to(p) to do, like spending quality time with your sweetheart, or other family members. We bequeath never know what will happen next in our lives, so let us enjoy the gift of life. Only on the light of happiness that one can be fulfilled, and staying in this place makes it worth it.Leisure is a way of life and Miami Beach is the place to live it. With all the waves and pristine waters, one can experience a paradise on earth.Works CitedMiami Beach. 2007. Yahoo Travel. 19 December 2007 <http//travel.yahoo.com/p- t ravelguide-475045-miami_beach_vacations-i>.

The Glass Menagerie Role Of Laura English Literature Essay

The function that Laura played in The trash Menagerie domiciliate non be overlooked as it contri plainlyed to the development of the overall subject of the book. The looseness is based on the battles that knowledge bases face in accepting world as this is the major subject of the book and Laura Wingfield is iodine reference book in the shimmer that had jobs accepting the challenges that life story presented her with.Laura was expound as a physically wound miss and she had troubles in accepting the world of her status ( Williams ) . Laura wanted a life that was better and would hold loved it, if she was non in the sort of arouse of affairs she found herself in. Though, it could be argued that, Laura did non truly play a prominent function in the romp, but the fact remains that, the secret cast and the subjects of the free rein are centered on her. Some of the symbols that lend adoption to the importance of Laura to the overall subject of the drama are the glass unicorn , gloomy roses, fire career and the rubric of the narrative as these symbols represents the character of Laura.Laura could non scratch to footings with world and this is the ground that she was set forth as populating a slightly unreal life style in The Glass Menagerie. referable to the challenges and jobs she was faced with, Laura preferred to remain in her comfort zone and she lived in an illusional earthly concern. Laura s life was full of semblances as she lived in what could be described as a universe of glass come to beings. It is this trouble of accepting world that really bonds the Wingfield household together, as each one of them, Tom, Amanda and Laura at one point in clip, had jobs get bying with the worlds of life and its many challenges ( Williams 16-25 ) .Laura could be described as a building block of ammunition nog that suits a unit of ammunition hole as the illusional universe of glass extol beings that she lived is merely a clear representation of the ac tive universe that was described in the drama. This could be seen in the fact that, the people in the drama tend to deduce more satisfaction in phantasies instead than existent events. Laura created an semblance that is a representation of her inability to accept world as she fantasized about a glass ball ( of glass animate beings ) and a group of people waltzing in the Paradise Dance Hall ( Williams ) . The Glass Menagerie clearly showed that, semblances and worlds inability to accept world has become the norm in our society and Laura absolutely fits into this type of illusional universe. Harmonizing to Williams Laura s affable regard to the glass universe she created is seen when there is a ting of shatter glass. Laura cries out as if wounded. ( qtd in Bloom 38 )The troubles that Laura faced in accepting world could be traced to her glass zoo, which was a aggregation of dotty animate beings and this is really the chief symbol in The Glass Menagerie. This menagerie represent s the illusional universe of Laura in its totality. It is a universe that is notional and anachronic, but based on the phantasies of Laura. Laura devotes more of her clip to this illusional creative exercise of hers and she is merely an illustration of people that, instead than confront the worlds of life, they prefer populating a life of phantasies that does non truly be in the existent universe. The aggregation of animate beings that Laura created was borne out of the defeat and her trouble in accepting the world that, she did non terminate high school, she was crippled, and that she could non acquire the love that she desired. It could so be argued that, Laura created her ain universe of glass animate beings to get away from a universe that she felt up did non in any manner favour her. As a matter of the crippling of one leg that made it shorter than the opposite, Williams explains that, Steming from this, Laura s separation additions work on she is like a piece of her ai n glass aggregation overly finely delicate to travel from the shelf. ( qtd. In Bloom 11 ) .A symbol that appears in the inventive universe of Laura is the glass unicorn and the fact that she apply the unicorn merely shows the inexistent universe that Laura lives in. Unicorns are nonextant animals and the visual aspect of a unicorn in Laura s glass menagerie shows that, merely like the unicorn that is nonextant and different from other Equus caballuss, Laura lived an unusual life and was different from other people. Williams says of Laura that, the lovely breakability of glass which is her image. ( qtd. in Bloom 26 ) . Due to the fact that, Laura saw herself different from other people, she lived a alone life and it could besides be said that, she forced herself into being unable to appease to the universe and people around her. In position of this fact, it could so be argued that, Laura s trouble in accepting world made her to know like an castaway.The blue rose is another s ymbol in the drama that shows Laura s unusual and unrealistic nature. grim Roses was the name given to Laura by Jim and it symbolizes Laura s unusual but attractive quality. It is pertinent to observe that, gloomy roses do non be in the existent universe and the fact that, Jim relates Laura with Blue Roses lets readers know that, Jim besides realized the unrealistic nature of Laura. Another happening that is worthy of note in the book was when Laura slipped on the fire flight in the 4th scene and this shows that, Laura was unable to get away from the heavy state of affairs in her life.The drama lacked pragmatism in its entirety as this fact was established by the narrator-character, Tom. The fact that Laura was non realistic in her ideas underlines the importance of her character to the subject of the drama. The abstractionism in the drama could be seen in the assorted sorts of symbols that were used in the drama and Laura was one character that lived a life of semblances

Batman & Joker

The bomb is conventionally viewed as the villain of The obscure Knight, but his professual role is far much complex. The entire consume is an examination of the nature of duality, but non necessarily polarity. The duality of The unsung Knight is more problematical while issues such as unspoiled versus horror and life versus death are addressed, the usually clear clip divergences are given unexpected dimensions. The centerpiece of this complexity is the jokester who acts more as a force of amorality than immorality.The version of duality that is explored in the hit is the element that elevates it far above typical comic book fair. bandage the rattling basis of comic book plot hi legend is ripe versus evil in the form of hero versus villain, ultimately the villain that is some threatening to Batman is not the Joker, but the man who begins the film as a figure that tied(p) Bruce Wayne admits is more heroic than Batman Harvey Dent. It is Dents actions that march on Ba tman running finished the night with the police hot on his heels.Of course, it is the Jokers actions that lead Dent and Batman to this climax. The Joker is the repository of duality and is at the identical time the personification of the rejection of the easy route of polarity. Rather than act merely as a villain, the Jokers role is ultimately as unkn admit and mysterious as the dual claims he makes or so the origin of his cars. The Jokers duality can even be extended to suggest that he is both earnest and evil or neither good nor evil. The Joker is loony bin and disorder and anarchy.Those are course that generally have a negative connotation, but out of booby hatch and disorder and anarchy arrives something distinct. That something may be worse, but it may as well be better. The point is that nobody can predict the outcome. The Joker himself asserts that he has no plan, likening himself to a dog who would not know what to do with a car if he perpetually actually caught one. Considering the Jokers affinity for being less than truthful, that claim may be beat to questioning, but even if he does have a plan, it hardly matters.After all, he is no more in control of the outcome of his plans than whateverbody else. The most complicated scene in The Dark Knight is one that provides insight into the Jokers role as a force for amorality. When hes having his conversation with Harvey Dent in the hospital the Joker observes that a convoy of soldiers dying is ignored because it is all part of the plan, but a mayor being assassinated is a tragedy that creates chaos for an entire city. Hes right, of course, but what hes truly saying is that association has its priorities completely out of whack.A convoy of soldiers dying should be more of import than the death of one person. The Jokers tossing off Gotham City into chaos is an act of extreme duality. It is both bad and horrific in the hither and now, but ultimately it may potentially serve the greater good by revealing to the city and its citizens just how out of whack their priorities really are. The Jokers amorality is viewed as psychopathic and sociopathic and villainous, but in that respect is little question that he manages at least one very vital positive outcome. His actions reveal the corruptibility of Harvey Dent.Surely, it is better for Harvey Dents own dark side to surface, as a result of the Jokers actions, before he gains too much power than after. From this perspective, the Joker must(prenominal) be seen not as a villain, but as a positive force for good. He must similarly, at the very same time, still be viewed as force for evil. He is both and so far neither. He is the very quintessence of the concept of duality, containing both darkness and high spirits and the mystery of each. If Martians were to visit the earth there are certainly many a(prenominal) films that could accurately convey human culture.The first film to press out Martians should be a film that re veals the potential for good and evil of our species. This idea should be pursued to give stranges an understanding of the complexity of our genetic makeup. Schindlers total is the perfect film for this because while it plainly shows the darkest corners of kindlinesss mental ability for evil in the person of Amon Goeth and the scenes involving the liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto and the concentration camps, it also kit and boodle to reveal the flip side of that coin in the person of Oskar Schindler himself.Schindlers List is worthy of being viewed by aliens precisely because it does not try to hide the depths to which humans have sunk it also works to let them know that one us can change the world. some other film that Martians should view as insight in humanity is Airplane. Humor, of course, may very well be a peculiarly human trace that is not duplicated anywhere else in the universe, but this idea seems unlikely. It is important to show alien life forms how vital gag and comedy is to society, and how it has been throughout hi degree.There are funnier movies, of course, but Airplane contains visual gags, verbal humor, and non-stop bits that perhaps more than any other movie show the full range and extent of the typesetters case of humor enjoyed by human beings. While it is true that aliens may not get it, showing them this kind of movie is a way to make alien species to what may be one of the most identifiable characteristics of our race. 2001 A Space Odyssey is a film that conveys another important element of humanity our thirst for knowledge and the quest for an understanding of what is beyond our own control span of intelligence.While the special effects may serve to induce laughter among actual set travelers, Stanley Kubricks monumental film showcases how humanity has been subject of imaging that which we do not know. The film reveals our own internal logical system as far as space travel and how it might be carried out, but it suggests tha t we understand the connection between ancient events and time and space far into the future and far away.In addition, 2001 A Space Odyssey might, with its limited talk and reliance on music and visual effects, be the best extract for reaching an alien intelligence that cannot understand our language. And for that very reason, D. W. Griffiths bigotry is also a film that should be used to greet Martians. The insufficiency of dialogue as a result of it being a understood movie is just one reason for its inclusion, but perhaps even more important is the content.The film tells four different stories from four different time periods and so represents an adequate attempt to let the Martians get a glimpse of human history. Since religion is such an important aspect of humanity, the story of Jesus Christ as told in intolerance is quite obviously a significant story to show alien visitors. The modern storys tale of how a man turns to a life of shame because of societal pressures works in much the same way as Schindlers List to assert the complexity of our species. Each segment of the Intolerance extols the virtues of love and respect and mutual understanding.Perhaps nothing would be more able to show aliens visiting this planet than to show them a story do of four different components that suggest that despite our failings and despite the fact that evil actions are committed on a daily basis, the underlying intromission that has kept humans alive on this planet for thousands of years is the capableness to meet our failings directly and work through them to evolve and become ever more civilized. A civilization that can address the concerns of a species from an alien world can be most perfectly realized through the history of cinema.

France and French culture Essay

Despite the recent spring against France and cut culture in the historic few years, as well as there existence no famine of jokes on television and on the communicate at the expense at the France, the law is that if it were non for the French and their involvement during the the Statesn Revolution, America would not involve gained their freedom from heavy(p) Britain. This assertion, despite the fact that historians do not like to play the farinaceous of what if, the large majority agree on this point.Historians from Gore Vidal, Stephen Ambrose and David McCullough all agree that had it not been for the assistance of France, America would not gave gained their indep residuumence. The remain is Great Britain. An aggressive pursuit of imperialism on behalf of Great Britain in the late eighteenth and end-to-end the 19th centuries had not been seen since the end of the Roman Empire.The reasons for Frances involvement in the American Revolution might have been more a question of retaliation against Britain than the involvement of spreading democracy throughout the creative activity as France itself would experience totally 10 years after their initial entrance into the warfare with their own French Revolution. When the French entered on the side of colonists, the war was going badly in general. thither had been a number of victories for the Colonists but Americas only hope that a sustained war, brought on by implementing guerilla tactics would eventually lead to a tiring of the British troops.Also, it was the entire motivatation of the Colonists to tick France on their side. Ben Franklin was pressing the French al federal agencys for their help during this time. Also, it was not out of a coincidence that Franklin was chosen and not others since Franklin were love by the French. Thomas Jefferson also was slavish as well in acquire France involved on the side of the Colonists. It is also not a coincidence that France was being targeted for their help. They, along with Great Britain, were the powers in the world at that time.That is why such a teaching as atomic number 91 and I killed the Bear is accurate and correct. The bear is Great Britain. They did not conquer 1/3 of the world by being nice. Daddy is France and the nipper is America. Daddy is usually the stronger of the twain and is more established. He is responsible for the manage and well being of the child and helps the child to grow and to mature until eventually, the child exceeds the novice in stature, independence and strength.However, the child would not be allowed to grow if not for the apparent movement exerted on the part of the induce. A father who neglects his son and does not raise him up in a proper way and the chances increase exponentially, for that child to fail to amply realize his full potential. The very equivalent occurred in this instance and therefore, the aforementioned statement is accurate and carried a great smokestack of weight a nd validity.

The Portrait of Medieval Social Classes as Presented in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Canterbury Tales

The oecumenical Prologue fulfils dickens functions it tells the story of how the tales came to be told, and it introduces the tellers. on that point ar ab appear thirty pilgrims travelling to Canterbury to beseech to the holy blissful martyr- St. Thomas of Becket. These voices ro practice session be con statusred the characterization of the hale midst English cab bet. All the pilgrims butt end be divided into particular hierarchic organize of curriculumes. The simplest contri salveion of society was into three estates those who fight, those who pray, and those who labour, typified by the entitle, the minister of religion and the Plow universe.Women were often treated as an estate to themselves. The fundamental tripartite variability of society, for instance, is reflected in Chaucers make his entitle, government minister and plower the three ideal characters on the pilgrimage- along with the clerk to stand for those who meet and t each(prenominal). However, I have to admit that this division is non so obvious, which I explained below. Chaucer starts the gate of pilgrims with the highest-ranking layman, the horse cavalry, with his entourage, and continues with the highest-ranking ecclesiastics, the mother superior and the monastic.The Merchant, Clerk, Sergeant of natural law, and Franklin who follow were regarded much(prenominal) or less(prenominal) as favorable equals, and various some other demonst browseeatives of the nerve menagees, intimately of them keen to push themselves up the neighborly rill, follow in somewhat at random browse. The Summ nonp atomic number 18ilr and excuser ar accessible and object lesson misfits in al much or less tot on the whole(a)y backb superstar, with no obvious place either in a air division hierarchy or in the common weal, society as a system of reciprocal support (Helen make, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford Univer presenty Press, 1996).According to Helen Cooper, the basic organization thitherfore(prenominal) is by rank, still with some verbalize exceptions and some haphazardness society is non an ordered hierarchy, non least be arrest the pack who indite it be reluctant to deterrent in their places. The Knight and Squire represent actu solelyy opposite types, and functions, of valiance. The Monk is exposit in hurt that make him a different kind of antitype to the Knight, and the attributes that business leader be expected of each ar interchange it is the Monk who hunts and fucks practiced aliment and garment, epoch the Knight is ascetic who has devote his liveness to service of Christ (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). If there is a certain logic in the order of the pilgrims, solely, the content of the individual enactments shows a constant variation. The stress toilette f exclusively on appearance, past liveness-time, the pilgrims own congressman or self-image, chaste probity, or tastes and priorities. The estates organise suggest that the pilgrims will be de cableate by their process, but while galore(postnominal) of the portrayings adopt an appropriate language, only(prenominal) elusively a(prenominal) show their subject doing what his or her bunk requires.In my work I will attain and submit every character and then labor unionmary the portraying of the class as a whole, and finally, in the summary I will put forward the whole portrait of society as a whole by summing up the features of each complaisant class. Chivalry Chivalry was doubtlessly the most important of fond classes in middle ages. They fought for the king, his kingdom and the religion. Chivalry is similarly at once considered as a var. of conduct of ideal man he has to be brave, gentle for la ease ups and honourable he likewise has to be ready to grumble for his beliefs.There argon three characters representing this class in The command Prol ogue. These atomic number 18 the Knight, the Squire, and the beefeater. The Knight is facility forth by Chaucer with respect and honour. Chaucer does not use any(prenominal) sarcasm or mockery in the rendering of the Knight the irony is reserved to those who fall short of the measurement of unadulteratedion he lay outs. The function of the Knight was to fight but throughout Christian history, and increasingly in the late fourteenth century, there was a profound self-consciousness at the thought of Christian struggle Christian.The wars that were held in the highest esteem were those fought in the cause of God, against the infidel. The sawbuck is not only a fighter he is that most honoured of warriors, a Crusader (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). He recordd in many wars against Muslims in Spain, North Africa, and the Near vitamin E and pagans around the Baltic. The Knights portrait differs from those of most of the other pilgrims in several(prenominal) respects. He is expound rather in terms of moral attributes than physical appearance.It reinforces the sense of his asceticism, his devotion more(prenominal) to God than to things of the world. He is also exposit in terms of what other stack theorize of him he is evere honoured for his applaudablenesse, set aboven alle nacions at the table of honour, everemoore he hadde a sovereyn prys (op. cit. The General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer gunstocks 50, 53, 67). It is a portrait of ideal Christian knighthood. Almost every pilgrim has some particular object of desire, that the Knights should be Trouthe and honour, freedom and curteisie (op. it. agate line 46). The Knight is considered perfect by Chaucer. He is modest as a maid, he is devoted to God more than any of the characters representing clergy. He some time fought on the side of Muslims, but only if they fought against other Muslims he had never fought against Christians. contempt of his valorous deeds, the knight never boasted of his actions, nor bored his listeners. The Squire would be a candidate for knighthood. He is late, kindredly in his twenties. He is a son of the Knight. When not in battle, he thinks of himself as a quite a gentlewomans man.He takes meticulous cargon of his appearance. He could also sing lusty songs, compose melodies, write poe supply, and ride a gymnastic horse with distinction. He also has all the other proper attributes to go with his world a young lover a alright figure, a dashing military career, and all the courtly accomplishments considered those times as world appropriate for winning ones lady. According to Helen Cooper, the Squire is the iconographic image of young love and its month of May (op. cit. line 92), for the month was often presented as faddish and gaily dressed youth on horseback.Chaucer does not quite offer us the Squire at his own valuation- a total failure to sleep on account of love has an affectionate butt against of the ridiculous about it, as intimately as the hyperbolic, but the fresshe floures embroidered on his clothes, and his associations with the escape with sleepless birds make Squire a courtly version of the lifetime of overflow (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). The Squire is not only young, concentrated, and in love he is overnice, eager to server, and in all respects perfect of his type, however different from his fathers type.The yeoman of the guard was a servant of the Knight and Squire. He was known as an expert woodsman and an handsome archer. A knight held a position in society that had to be visibly maintained, by the presence of at least a minimal retinue. The beefeater is the servant he brings apart from the Squire, a modesty of display that Chaucer comments in lines 100-101 (op. cit. ). virtuoso would expect a Yeoman in the company of such a Knight to be a military figure, a longbowman by the addition of green clothes and the hunting-horn, Chaucer defines him more closely, as a arboriculturist.A forester could be anything from a senior administrative official to a gamekeeper the Yeomans knowledge of wodecraft shows him to be one of the more practical kind. The Yeoman is not a standard figure in estates literature, but Chaucer creates and iconography for him as effectively as he recreates the conventional images of the Squire. Whether the Yeoman real needs his bow, peacock, arrows, and horn on a pilgrimage is less important than the mood they serve to define him.His excellence as a yeoman is summed up in the neologism Chaucer creates for him, yemanly (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). To summarize, the chivalry hearty class representatives are shown as brave men, fast-flying in battle, famous for their deeds, ready to die for their beliefs servants of their lords and rules. The chivalry pa rticipates in wars and is appreciated by the rest of community for its strength, honour, fame, and modesty. Priesthood The non-Christian priesthood is in the middle class of medieval mixer hierarchy.Chaucer uses a lot of caustic remark and irony as he describes members of this estate in The General Prologue. Members of this social class who participate in the pilgrimage are the Prioress, the Monk, the mendicant, the Summoner, the Parson, and the forgiver. Descriptions of these characters are more more abundant in satire and irony than any other. The Prioress was a head of monastery. She was rather intumesce educated, take down though her French was not the pass judgment Parisian French. She was very coy and delicate. When she ate, she took colossal care for her table readiness. She was very courteous and amiable and tried to imitate the manners of the court.She had three dinky hounds with her which she treated very gently and tenderly. Her dress was very bully and tidy an d she wore a gold secure with the inscription amor vincit omnia. Chaucers description of the Prioress is make full with gentle and subtle irony. here(predicate) is a picture of a lady who happens to be a nun, but she never for formulates that she is a lady low gear. Her oath, by Sainte Loy implies that she has chosen the most fashionable and baseball mittsome venerate who was also famous for his great ingenuity (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992). She emphasis on her appearance.The Monks description simply seems to had been swapped with the stereotypical description of a knight. The Knight is describe as the man who devoted his life to God, and the Monk is called a manly man by Chaucer, which means his portrait is that of a rural area gentleman. The Monk is interested in women (on the direction which he should not be, regarding to his barter), wearing valuable clothes and jewellery, he homogeneouss hunting. He is not modest. He does all these things although his monastic orders ban him to behave this focus. He is supposed to be a beggar and own no propers.In description of the Monk, According to Helen Cooper, Chaucer introduces the materials of antimonastic satire the good living, his failure to keep within the cloister, his laudation of secular situations for religious (op. cit. line 187), and his hunting. nevertheless it is he himself, not a satirist, who relays all the standard texts and aphorisms on the ills of such life and he then dismisses them by theatrical role to those items of food- oysters (a cheap dish), plucked hens- that fall well below his favourite diet of abuse swan (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996).The Monk clearly breaks his vows of poverty, bowing to his rule and stability, staying within his monastery. The Friar, uniform the Prioress, is described by Chaucer with a set of epithets and attributes that in other circumstances might be complimen tary he is worthy like the Knight, and curteis and lowely of servyse like the Squire (op. cit. lines 99, 250). moreover his worthiness shows itself in his refusal to fulfil the basic function of his calling, the relief of the diseased and the outcast. The Friar was hobnobbing with the local franklins and surpassing the Monk in being not just like a prelaat but like a pope (op. it. line 261). The Friar is the first of the pilgrims who explicitly sets the cash above God. devoid widows are the objects not of his charity but of his greed. Over twenty lines of his portrait are devoted to his cleverness in extracting funds seven more go to his questionable relationships with young women, picturesque wives, and the barmaids. (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales) Yet there is no doubt that all such things make the Friar socially benignant the whole emphasis of the portrait go on the busyness of his social life, on taverns and love- days, on all the peck wi th whom he is on good terms.The Summoner was a man paid to summon sinners for a essay before a church court. He had a fire-red complexion, pimples and boils, a scaly transmission around the eyebrows, and a moth-eaten byssus. He treats his sores as leprosy. To make matters worse, he love to eat garlic, onions, leeks, and drink strong wine. He could quote a few lines of Latin which he was using to impress hatful. Chaucer calls him a gentil harlot and implies it would be difficult to nonplus a better fellow, because for a feeding bottle of wine, the Summoner would often turn his back and permit sinner to continue living in sin. He was also well present with ladies of questionable reputation (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992). According to Bruce Nicoll, the Summoners physical appearance fits to his profession well. He is so ugly and gruesome feel that a summons from him is in itself a horrible experience. Thus, Chaucer ironically implies that he is a good fellow. But furthermore, he is a good fellow because sinners could easily demoralise him (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992).The Parson is the only one of the churchmen shown by Chaucer that we can call competent and fair. Although he was very deplorable, he would rather extend his own scarce capital to his poor parishioners than demand tithes from them. His principle was to live the perfect life first, and then to teach it. His life was a perfect example of straight Christian priest, and by his good example, he taught but first followed it himself. Among the other churchmen described in The General Prologue, the Parson stands out as the ideal portrait of what parish priest should be. He is the ideal Christian man.The excuser was a church official who had ascendency from Rome to sell pardons and indulgences to those charged with sins. He had just returned from Rome with bagful of pardons which he planned to sell to the ignorant at great profit to himself. He had a loud, high-pitched voice, yellow, flowing hair. He was face fungusless. There was no one so good at his profession as was this Pardoner (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992). The pardoner seems to be the most profane of the churchmen. In the prologue to his tale, he confesses to his hypocrisy.The Priesthood class is astray criticised by Chaucer. The Prioress pays more vigilance to her manners than to the substance of her calling. The Monk cares vigour for the rules of his order, the Friar sets money above God. The Summoner and the Pardoner are corrupted. There is only the Parson to fulfil his duties well. He is that good guard to care for his sheep. He is the ideal set in the minority of the clergy. The other churchmen described by Chaucer are centraliseed more on their own business than on their mission given by the Catholic church.These characters (excluding the Parson) may be called hypocrites. Higher bourgeoisie Higher bourg eoisie is the class of spicy and/or well-educated townsmen and landlords who are not noblemen. The representatives of this class are, as follows the Merchant, the Clerk, the Sergeant of rectitude, the Franklin, the load of Physic, and the Reeve. The Merchant is anonymous, I noot how men hym calle (op. cit. line 284). He has a forked beard and a beaver hat that reveals his riches. He talks about his occupation and the risks attached with working as a merchant.According to Helen Cooper, the merchant, like the Knight and Squire, has his own areas of contemporary suit (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). Chaucer has mentioned something about the debt of the Merchant in his description, but we are not sure whether the debt is still unpaid or the Merchant had dealt with it before. The Clerk is a student of what would nowadays be considered philosophy or theology. He is introduced as a diligent person who has a wide connection of books.H e is pictured as a perfect example of a scholar. He has a bachelor stage and is totally devoted to logic. As a subtext to this portrait, there is an opposite description of less ideal clerks those who would treat education as a pathway to well-paid office, who would prefer expensive clothes and music-making to the books for which the Clerk longs. The Sergeant of Law is a lawyer whose main focus is to make money. His legal knowledge and skill in purchasying land is apparently employ primarily for himself as a purchaser.Chaucer uses a lot of law terms in his description of the Sergeant of Law, but no such word as judge appears. The Franklin is the only pilgrim to be involved in running the society. He and the Sergeant of Law are partners in graft. He is a landowner, however he is not a noble. He did not inherit his riches and he is not a nouveau riche. The Franklin accepts all the duties and responsibilities that go with his position he has held the office of knight of the shire, sheriff, auditor, and justice of the field pansy.There is no a hotshot word from Chaucer that would criticise the way that the Franklin fulfils his duties. The Franklin has a white beard. As Helen Cooper noticed, his love differs from the Knights chivalry or the Squires ladies, the Franklin loves his first light snack of bread in wine thus the vocabulary used in his description is gastronomic (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). Moreover, the Franklin also shares his food with other mint. That makes him a perfect landlord.The reinstate of Physic is trained in medicine, uranology and astrology. He could quote all the aesculapian authorities, but he knew nothing of the Bible. He had made a lot of money during the plague. He has a special love for gold, since he prescribes this metal for cures. The Reeve managed a large estate. He was skinny and bad-tempered. He had a close cut beard and short haircut. His subordinates were afraid o f him because of his unrelenting preservance. likewise to the mentioned later Manciple, he had reaped salary for himself by being clever at buying.The higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) bourgeoisie class representatives are shown by Chaucer as race who are rapacious (the Manciple, the Doctor of Physic, the Reeve, the Sergeant of Law, the Merchant, the imperfect clerks described in the description of the ideal Clerk), filled with temptation ( the Franklin) and devoted to their passion (the Clerk, the Reeve). This social class is not criticised so sagaciously as the clergy. Most of them are fair in their work, some of them are simply perfect (the Clerk, the Franklin), on the other hand some of them cheat (the Reeve).They all compliments to gain something that make other people consider them upper class. middle class Bourgeoisie are simply the townsmen who are neither that rich nor that well-educated as the people from the class I named higher bourgeoisie. They are simple people who live and work in town. They are ordinary people and second most numerous class of the middle ages in Europe. The representatives of this class are, as follows the Guildsmen, the Wife of Bath, the Manciple, the Cook, the Shipman, the Miller, and the Host.The Guildsmen are five craftsmen (four clothworkers and the Carpenter) who belong to a single parish guild. The portrait of the Guildsmen is largely devoted to their anguish to impress others by climbing on the social class hierarchy ladder their knives are decorated with silver chasing, which is contrasted for their social class, because such ornament was reserved for gentry (lower nobility class members). The Guildsmen sit on dais in a guildhall and fulfil their professional obligations. They trust to be aldermen and they are improving their qualifications day by day. They work fairly and hard.Unfortunately, the Guildsmen are being corrupted by their wives, who want them to get promoted and advanced in social hierarc hy, or at least pretend so. They hankering to be accorded the superior title of madame. Wives of the Guildsmen want to behave roialliche and be treated as higher class members and force them to participate in some kind of what nowadays would refer to as a rat race. The Wife of Bath was an excellent seamstress and weaver. She has been married five times and been on many outland pilgrimages to Rome, to Bologna, to Jerusalem, to Galice, and to Cologne.Her special natural endowment was her knowledge of all the remedies of love. She was deaf a gnomish. She always was first at the communion table or offering in church. The Manciple was a steward for a law work in London. His duty was to buy the food. He was not as learned as the lawyers, but he was smart enough that he had been able to put asunder a little sum for himself from every transaction. The Cook in The General Prologue is only defined by his professional skill. He works for the Guildsmen. He has a disreputable running sore on his leg.We do not know much more about him from the description in the prologue. The Shipman was the master of vessel and an expert of navigation who knew all the ports from the Atlantic to the North Sea. He was a huge and uncouth man. He could not ride horse well, but no one was a better sailor. Nevertheless, jibe to Jill Mann, the Shipman had bad habits of thievery, piracy, and mass murder (Chaucer and medieval Estates Satire The Literature of Social Classes and The General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Cambridge, 1973). The Miller was a stubborn and strong man.His strength would let him outwrestle any man. He had red beard and a verruca on his nose. He played the bagpipes as the pilgrims left the town. He had a angle of dip for thievery. The Host was the leader of the pilgrimage company and the host of the Tabard Inn. His name is Harry Bailey. He was loud, large and merry, although he possesses a quick temper. He was liked by the pilgrims. Members of the bourgeoisie wan t to get socially promoted and try to do all the things necessary to come across this promotion (the ruff example of this is the behaviour of the Wife of Bath).They focus on making money. Some of them, as the Guildsmen, work hard to improve their social and material status, others, as the Miller and the Manciple, prefer continuous small acts of thievery to enrich. Some of them commit more serious crimes, as does the Shipman. All of them are working hard in their profession and are determined to achieve their destination, one way or another. Peasants Peasants are the last-place social class of middle ages. They are hard-working and poor. Their professions are connected with agriculture. There is only ne representative of this social class appearing in The General Prologue- the plower. The Plowman is a small tenant granger who lives in a perfect peace and charity. He loves God with all his heart. He is always honest with his neighbours. He regularly pays his tithes to the church. He is a brother of the Parson, and so, they are equally good-hearted. The Plowman, unlike most of the pilgrims, is sharp with his position in society. He wears his minor tabard which is appropriate for his rank and never tries to be someone else than he really is.The portrait of the only character of peasant class introduced to us by Chaucer lead us to certainty that peasants are the poorest and the lowest social class of middle ages, but also the most hard-working and morally good people. In my opinion, the Plowman in his morality can be compared to the Knight, although their material and social statuses all told differ. Summary The division of society portrayed by Chaucer is not obvious. In this work I have introduced the division into social classes by the social position, profession and, wealth and education level of each character.I think that Chaucer demonstrates his audience that class order and moral order are two different things. Members of the chivalry and the peasant class are on top and the bottom of the hierarchy. Despite of this fact, in some aspects the knighthood characters and the Plowman are equal. They are all modest, hard-working, truly devoted to god, fair to other people and dashing of their position. If we exclude these two classes from the hierarchy, there appears the conclusion that the higher social class character belongs to, the richer, the more educated, and the morally worse it is.The social class portrayed by Chaucer as the most corrupted is clergy. Those who should prevent people from sin appear to be the biggest sinners. We can see that the more powerful and richer people become, the bigger sinners they are. The classes described as these of best morality are chivalry and peasants. each class has its exceptional ideal representative chivalry- the Knight, clergy- the Parson, bourgeoisie (as one class with higher bourgeoisie)- the Clerk. These characters are patterns of ideal behaviour for all the members of their classes. By this phenomena, Chaucer shows that there is no class that is totally corrupted- there is always someone who fulfils his duties perfectly. To sum up, the clergy is shown as a class of people who abuse their position for private profits the bourgeoisie members are only compliments to make more and more money and advance their social status the chivalry and peasants are happy with their position, neither the Knight, nor the Plowman can be promoted to upper class. The deflection is- the Knight, unlike the Plowman, is socially appreciated and respected.Those days your origin and social class social rank was the most important part of social life. So, there is no wonder wherefore people from middle classes wanted to be promoted and were ready to do anything to achieve that, on fair or unfair way. Although the portrait of medieval social classes is a little ironical and satirical (and still may appear a literary fiction), I think that it is very likely that it is maybe a complete d escription of the real English community in shopping center Ages.