Behold a Pale Horse

distinguish A get word protrude supply Milton William make And I looked, and behold a pale buck and his allude that sit upon him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them oer the fourthly part of the earth, to wipe stunned with s rule book, and with hunger, and with the beasts of the earth. The Holy Bible The Book of Revelation Chapter 6 Verse 8The ideas and conclusions expressed in this work be mine al adept(a). It is possible that one or much than conclusions may be wrong. The purpose of this prevail is to convince you (the get hold ofer) that whatso constantly sothing is terribly wrong. It is my hope that this work lead inspire you to sire an earnest oceanrch for the fairness. Your conclusions may be diverse however to countenanceher maybe we commode build a reveal world.virtuoso basic rightfulness can be utilizationd as a assemble upation for a cud of lies, and if we dig wipe surface deep enough in the mountain o f lies, and bring start that true state handst, to slew it on top of the mountain of lies the consummate mountain of lies go a counselling crumble under the weight of that one faithfulness, and on that point is cipher more devastating to a structure of lies than the revelation of the truth upon which the structure of lies was built, because the shock waves of the revelation of the truth reverberate, and continue to reverberate passim the Earth for generations to follow, awakening correct those citizenry who had no desire to be awakened to the truth.Delamer Duverus Table Of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 universe . 1 Foreword .. 5 Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars . 35 privy Societies and the New World Order .. 67 Oath of Initiation of an unnamed Secret Order 99 Secret Treaty of Verona . 03 Good-by USA, how-dye-do New World Order .. 109 H. R. 4079 and FEMA Federal Emergency Management t to wholly(prenominal) oneing 121 Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 H. R. 5210, P. L. 100-690. 151 Are the Sheep Ready to Shear? . 159 Anatomy of an bond base 163 Lessons from Lithuania 179 Coup de Grace .. 183 The Secret G everywherenment 95 Treason in High Places . 239 A Proposed Constitutional Model for the Newstates of America 251 Protocols of the Elders of Zion .. 267 The Story of Jonathan w finish upethorn . 331 Documentation U. S. Army In showigence Connection with Satanic Church. 361 William barrel makers soldiers Service Record 381 UFOs and Area 51 397 Alien Im externalizets . 42 sup carriage .. 445 New World Order .. 448 U. S. Government Drug Involvement.. 473 Kurzweil vs. Hopkins 490 adjunct A App demiseix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G design Some condemnation ago I had the opportunity to meet William barrel maker and his married wo human beingnesss Annie. It was pa rt of my job to verify whether this man did indeed speak the truth or was retri skillfulive a nonher soul overtakeking fame and fortune.What I found was a rugged, bulldog, driven individual who was kind, sightful and tender subject social occasioned. He was accomplishmentu every(prenominal)y fetch to more or less you and your wel retravele. Bill knew that people were towering-riskly informed by a society which spoon-feeds you deception until t present is no distinction between fictionalisation and trueity. He look ons what more opposites assimilate possibility, and he is non afraid to do fewthing well-nigh it. thither are many who do non privation you to fill in what Bill has to say. They exhaust tried many fourth dimensions to forego him from saying it. The scars on his face and the liberation of his leg are his badges of unassumingness on your behalf. No one be chit-chatms popular by telling people the truth.History records what breaked to the true prophets of the past. However, around wee-wee listened to their strugglenings and were not caught moody-guard. Others restrain pose their heads in the sand and ref utilise to listen. Bill has it to bilkher, and has put it together for you so you can desirewise be one of the informed of the world. A well informed person can make the right decision. William Cooper has my vote of approval because I cared enough to find come to the fore who the man is. forthwith is your opportunity. 2 BEHOLD A tired of(p) sawhorse There be possessed of been many related sequential coincidences in from each one through with(predicate) come to the fore my life, disasters that by themselves would develop led nowhere.Statisti invitey, the odds against the kindred or a related sequence of flushts happening to one individual are astronomically high. It is this series of incidents that have convinced me that beau ideal has had a hand in my life. I do not hope in fate. I do not debate in accidents. I cannot and testament not accept the theory that unyielding sequences of unrelated accidents happen world events. It is inconceivable that those with power and wealth would not band together with a common bond, a common interest, and a long-range plan to decide and direct the future of the world. For those with the resources, to do early(a) than would be t protrude ensemble irresponsible.I know that I would be the scratch line gear to organize a gang to control the forbiddencome of the future, if I were such a person and a conspiracy did not yet exist. I would do it in an prove to witness the survival of the principles in which I bank, the survival of my family, my survival, and the survival of the charitable race, if for no whatsoever other reason. I believe, therefore, that a grand game of cheater is being p doed on a level that we can tho now imagine, and we are the pawns. Pawns are valuable unless under certain chance and are frequently sacrifi ced to gain an advantage.Anyone who has studied forces strategy is well-know(prenominal) with the concept of sacrifice. Those who have seriously studied history have in all standardisedlihood discovered the real reason we go to war on a regularly scheduled basis. Before reading this book I fire you to play at least devil complete games of chess. You must tally the rules THEY play by. You must realize objectively that some pieces are more valuable than others and that the king is the more or less valuable of all. You cannot learn reality if you get caught up in the fantasy that if s not fair. You must come to know that the ultimate outcome of the game is the only thing that counts.You were lie to when you were told that it does not matter whether you win or lose, if s how you play the game. good-natured in the world of the elite is anything. Indeed, it is the only thing. The power elite cerebrate to win. My research has shown, at this point, that the future laid out for us may be respectable around impossible to change. I do not agree with the means by which the powerful few have elect for us to r separately the end. I do not agree that the end is where we should end at all. however unless we can wake the people from their sleep, nothing short of civil war will demote the planned outcome.I metrical unit that statement not on defeatism besides on the apathy of the mass of the American people. Twenty-five years ago I would have believed otherwise just twenty-five years ago I was as well recollect asleep. We have been taught lies. f flagrantness is not at all what we perceive it to be. William Cooper 3 We cannot survive any longer by hanging onto the falsehoods of the past. Reality must be discerned at all costs if we are to be a part of the future. Truth must prevail in all in positions, no matter who it hurts or helps, if we are to continue to live upon this earth. At this point, what we want may no longer matter.It is what we must do to en sure enough our survival that counts. The old personal manner is in the certain process of closing and a New World Order is beating conquer the door. To hang to the past is guaranteed suicide. To re principal(prenominal) apathetic is assured enslavement. To learn the truth and therefore act upon it is the only means of survival at this moment. To shrug finish complete the information contained in this book and to disregard its warning will top in the complete destruction of the Re ordinary of the United States of America. You will neer get a spot warning or a second chance. bid it or not, this is it, stark reality.You can no longer yield your head, ignore it, pretend if s not true, say it cant happen to me, run, or hide. The wolf is at the door. I caution for the weeny ones, the innocents, who are already paying for our mis relieve oneselfs. There exists a gravid force of occupationally orphaned children. They are attending government-controlled day-care cent ers. And latchkey kids who are running wild in the streets. And the lop-sided, emotionally hurt children of single wel fartheste beats, born only for the sake of more coin in the monthly check. Open your eyes and look at them, for they are the future.In them I see the sure and certain destruction of this once-proud nation. In their vacant eyes I see the death of Freedom. They carry with them a out rest emptiness and someone will sure enough pay a capital price for their suffering. If we do not act in concert with each other and ensure that the future arrives what we need it to be, thereforece we will surely deserve whatever fate awaits us. I believe with all my heart that God put me in places and in positions throughout my life so that I would be able to deliver this warning to His people. I crave that I have been worthy and that I have done my job.THIS IS MY creed I believe starting in God, the said(prenominal) God in which my ancestors believed. I believe in Jesus Ch rist and that he is my saviour. Second, I believe in the Constitution of the Republic of the United States of America, without interpretation, as it was pen and meant to work. I have given my sacred oath to protect and struggle the Constitution of the United States of America against all enemies foreign and domestic. I intend to fulfill that oath. Third, I believe in the family unit and, in particular, my family unit. I have sworn that I will give my life, if it is required, in vindication of God, the BEHOLD A piquet HORSE Constitution, or my family. Fourth, I believe that any man without principles that he is ready and willing to die for at any given moment is already idle and is of no use or consequence whatsoever. William Cooper August 3,1990 ingroup Verde, Arizona prolusion William Cooper and lady friend Dorothy 6 BEHOLD A blench HORSE The one thing that I find most difficult is to economise virtually myself. It is sturdy to conceive why some people zest for kno wledge just about me. It was neer my intention to be anyones hero. I am certainly no great example upon which to human foot ones life.I consider myself a very average normal kind of guy. I have some pretty good points I have some human failings. I am proud of some of my achievements, and there are things that I call I had not done. Im not perfect, and I am not sure that I ever want to be. But it is certain that I do not belong on anyones pedestal. I am a man with a message. And the message will be accepted by only a few. To those few who will understand, I am your brother. maybe we can change the future for the better. William Moore, in his disinformation publication entitled Focus, express that I am a fundamentalist preacher.Twenty years ago that would have been a compliment, but today it implies sleaziness. That is why he said it. I am not, and have never been any kind of preacher. I am not starting a church. I am not developing a religion. I do not belong to any organizatio ns. I do not have an entourage. There is no cult and I am not a cult leader. No one camps out slightly my ingleside. People have called radio talk shows claiming to have first-hand knowledge that I am a notorious radical right-wing extremist. Others have said they have proof that I belong to a white racialist organization.Someone said that they found my name on a list of commie troupe members. A man in Los Angeles, eternally the same voice, calls when I am on radio claiming that I am an alcoholic. The truth is, most of my close friends and acquaintances consider themselves to be liberal democrats. My only political stance is Constitutional. My wife is Chinese. That rules out the racist propaganda. I fought the communists in Vietnam. I will fight them again, if necessary, but only on United States soil. I used to drink a heap of alcohol in my teener days. As I became older the booze dwindled to a trickle. instanter I do not drink a great deal at all. Most of my friends have ne ver seen me take a drink. Annie and I are fond of using wine in our bulling. The lies, no doubt, will continue. For the purpose of retention anything in perspective, lets all understand that attempts to assassinate my character will continue and in all fortune will become worse. Rather than let that get in the instruction, I want you to believe everything bad that you ever hear about me. settle if that changes anything that I have been trying to tell you. See if it negates any of the proof. I believe that is the easiest way to handle those attacks.You who are sincerely interested in knowing will seek out me or those who are well-nigh close to me. Those who do are the only ones who will ever sincerely know who and what I am. William Cooper 7 My ancestors came from England, Scotland, and Ireland. I had relatives who fought on some(prenominal) sides in the Civil War. And some who fought in the Indian Wars. nonpareil of my ancestors was a horse thief in Texas. I dont know for sure, but I weigh he got hung for it. When I was a little boy I comprehend whispers that there was some Cherokee blood in the family. Every magazine I asked about it I was told to shut up.I never could figure out why everyone was afraid to talk about the Indian blood. I thought, and withal cipher, that it is something of which to be proud. I have since discovered that the old folks in my family, bid the old folks in almost every family, thought there was some stigma attached to being part Indian. In the old days on the American causeier, people lived by stern rules. If you werent accepted by your neighbors you were more than the correspondingly to end up dead. My enate grandmothers family, named Vance, traveled to Texas in a covered wagon and were some of the first settlers in the area of Odessa.My great grand military chaplain Vance was a real punch who eventually became one of the first oil-field workers. My great grandmother Vance told me that one of their first homes was a dugout on the prairie. My great aunt Sister have a photo of her nonplus, my great grandfather Vance, standing in face up man of a saloon beside his friend. Both men had six-guns stuck in their belts. When she was about 84 or so she told me that my great grandfather Vance had kaput(p) off to do some work for a rancher. It was during a particularly nasty Indian uprising. My great grandmother was a newly married young muliebrity at the clip.She rose early one morning and truism warmer rising from the counselor-at-law of one of her neighbors. Soon a war party of five young braves rode up to her dugout. She told me that she was scared to death but knew if she showed it they would kill her for sure. The Indians were hungry. Great Grandma Vance make them get atomic reactor off their ponies, dragged them inside and fed them. They didnt harm her. After filling their stomachs they rode off in the direction where she saw smoke rising aft(prenominal)wards that after(prenomi nal)noon. She said that she learned later that she was the only one in the area that had not been burned out or killed.She was a very brave woman. Great Grandma Vance died in a car accident upright a short time after telling me that story. I thought it was a very nameless way for her to die. She went from covered wagons to Fords and Boeing 707s. Grandma Vance saw full about everything that ever was important in this world happen in her lifetime. My paternal grandfathers family also rode across the country in a covered wagon. They strayed a little north, however, and stop up in the Indian territory now known as Oklahoma. They were on the front line during the Oklahoma land energize and succeeded in staking out 320 acres on BEHOLD A PALE HORSE Big Bear Creek expert what would eventually become Enid. A little town sprang up not too far away called Garber. They raised a peck of kids. I remember my great grandmother cooking the whoppinggest break strong I had ever seen. We sle pt in real feather beds that swallowed us up. We ran to the out home base in the middle of the night because we were abash to use the chamber pot that Great Grandma unbroken dexterous under every bed. In the morning everyone would crowd around the woodland stove in the kitchen or the coal stove in the parlor trying to get warm.My dad had given me a . 22 last for Christmas and Great Grandmas farm was the first place that I ever went hunt club. I got up before the sun one morning, tiptoed downstairs, and headed out for the creek. About two hours later I saw my chance and shot a rebound sitting up in a tree. I strutted proudly to the farmhouse dimension that quail up for all to see. Luckily the farmhand saw me first. He burst out laughing and asked me what I thought I was doing with that sparrow. I ran off and buried that bird and never said a word to anyone. I learned later that quails dont sit in trees.For those who may think this to be a terrible thing, I must tell you tha t every boy in those days was given a rifle and taught to hunt. During hunting season many a family managed to put aside some scanty money because the boys brought home meat from the hunt. That money saved was sorely needed. It was considered a tariff for a citizen to own a gun in suppose to carry out the intent of the 2nd amendment to the Constitution. As long as the citizens owned guns the government could never become oppressive. My mothers family came from Scotland and settled in northmost Carolina.They were hardworking and thrifty folk. Most of them were poor. I never knew much more about my mothers family. I dont even remember anyone public lecture much about them. I know that my grandmother, Nellie Woodside, was forced to give up some of her children when her save died. There was not enough money to feed all of the kids. My mother was one of those chosen to live in a childrens home until things got better. No one ever talked about my mothers father. When I asked about my grandfather I was told, Red was no good, and you just mind your own business. I got the liveliness that nobody liked him.He died before I entered this world. I was born May 6, 1943. I was reared in a military family. My father is USAF Lt. Col. (Ret. ) Milton V. Cooper. He prefers to be called Jack, the nickname given to him by the family when he was a boy. pa began his conduct Force career as a young cadet flying bi two-dimensionals and retired as a command pilot with thousands of hours to his credit. I have a picture of him standing in front of an old biplane in his leather jacket and his cap with the earflaps William Cooper 9 My mother and father 10 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE just like Snoopy wears.I can remember the pilots gathered around the kitchen table talk about the planes and telling stories. Sometimes they discussed strange things called foo fighters or UFOs. When we were lucky they got out the projector and showed Kodachrome slides. That was a special treat. By the tim e I was eight years old, I think I had already seen and been inside every plane the post Force (which used to be the Army transmission line Force) had ever owned. I had flown in several. I had seen many of them crash and had friends who had mixed-up their fathers. I remember one night in the Azores at Lages Field.We were at the base theater watching a movie when the projector ground to a stop, the lights came on and a plea was make for blood donors. We knew there had been a disaster. Everyone went extraneous and looked down the hill at the flightline. It was literally consumed in flames. We could see men on fire running through the night. A B-29 had crashed. I choke up if it had been taking off or landing but I will never forget the scene that was counterpane before me on that night. No one went clog to the movie even though we had only seen half. I was nine years old but felt much older.I had seen many crashes, and I would see many more in the years to come. But I never saw anything that could ever compare to the wreckage, the fire, the devastation, or the loss of life caused by the crash of that B-29. We left(a) the Azores a year later. As we climbed into the sky I looked out the plane window. I could still see pieces of the wreckage where it had been pushed away from the runways. It was that incident that gave me an appreciation of the dangers that my dad faced on a daily basis. I knew then how lucky we were to see him walk in the door. Aviation wasnt safe in those days, especially for military pilots.We all knew families that had lost someone in a crash. I didnt perpetually love my father. He was a harsh disciplinarian. My dad did not believe in gratuitous the rod and his belt was put to use frequently in our family. I was a very sensitive but willful child. Rules didnt mean much to me until I got caught breaking them. Many times I was the focus of his anger. Like most kids, I didnt understand. I thought he was a tyrant. Now I appreciate his u pbringing. I know, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that without his strict discipline we most probably would have off out bad. Now I love my Dad. He is my friend.He is an independent, gregarious, feisty, tough, confident, adventurous, sometimes overbearing, handsome, big bear of a man. My mother told me that she fell in love with him because he looks like trick Wayne, and he does. I have watched him progress from one who disdained any public show of affection to a man William Cooper 11 who is just as likely to hug you as shake your hand. On the other side, he has at times do me so angry that I could have punched him in the mouth, but I never have. If s ass pile hard for anyone not to like him. He is always up to some mis heading, and I can guarantee you that no one is ever blase around my father.My mother is a real Southern lady. They used to call her kind a Southern belle. She is one of the last of a last breed. Dovie Nell (Woodside) Cooper is the type of woman that men like to breathing in about when theyre lonely. She is the kindest, gentlest, woman that I have ever known. I do not make that statement just because she is my mother. Its true. She was beautiful as a young woman and she is beautiful now. My mother is one of those people who, once she likes you, cant be driven away. She is loyal to a fault. I have seen her during the good and during the bad times. She never flinched, no matter what.It always surprised me that she could be so tough and yet so kind, gentle, and engaging all at the same time. Woe to anyone who ever h armor my dad or one of her children in her presence. She is the outflank cook who ever stepped foot in any kitchen that was ever built. I love my mother probably more than anyone else in this world. I have a brother Ronnie and a sister Connie. They are fraternal gibe two years younger than me. We were closer than most siblings when we were children because we exhausted so much of our life in foreign countries, where a good dealtimes we found ourselves ineffective to authorise except with each other.We had school friends, but school was often many miles from where we lived. We had few toys. Most of them were things that mother gave us such as spools, cigar boxes, string, or anything else that we could find to keep us occupied. Every Christmas was a transport because we always got some REAL toys. Ronnie and I had a propensity to see how things worked, however, so they never lasted long. Everything we wore, including shoes, was ordered from the Sears catalog. It was the wish book, and we never tired of feeling at through it. We alternately love each other, hated each other, fought each other, and defended each other, as I system all kids do.Ronnie, his wife Suzie, and their daughter Jennifer live in Garber, Oklahoma, where Ron sells John Deere farm equipment. Ron & Suzie built t h e i r house with their own hands. As far as I know they intend to live in that house until they die. Ronnie served as a n military officer in the Army. In Vietnam he earned the money Star. We havent seen each other since 1976 after he came to visit me in the infirmary after I lost my leg. Nevertheless I love him and I miss him a lot. Neither one of us can soften to travel much unless its business, but one of these days soon Im personnel casualty to surprise him unless visit.Connie has shown me pictures and Ron looks just like my 12 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE great grandfather. Almost every picture Ive seen shows Ron in chaps, a Stetson, boots, and either near or on a horse. I guess that is about how it should be, as Ronnie always wanted to be a cow man when he was a child. Connie has rightfully turned out to be a fine woman. When she was little I sometimes liked her and sometimes didnt. itty- atomic number 42ty boys dont usually have much use for little filles. Since we only had each other to play with, however, Ronnie and I loved her a lot but little boys just cant ever admit anything like that.I remember Connie always followed me everywhere I went. I couldnt get rid of her no matter how hard I tried. Her devotion and loyalty made me love her all the more. Of course I pretended that she was a pain in the ass. As we grew older and began to realize that there was a rightfully big digression between boys and girls Connie began to take on an air of mystery. From that time until I was about 18 she baffled me completely. I remember when she was around 13 or so she would throw temper tantrums when she got angry. She would stomp her feet, scream, run to her room and then slam the door.Ronnie and I thought it was a great show but couldnt for love or money understand why she did it. When we asked mom she would just shake her head and say, Hormones. William Cooper, brother Ronnie, sister Connie William Cooper 13 Connie grew up to be a beautiful woman and eventually married her high school sweetheart, Gus Deaton. They had two beautiful children, Janice and Chrissie. Janice is very m uch like Connie, loving and loyal. Chrissie is different. Shes a redhead who loves to party. I guess Chrissie represents a freedom of nature more than anything else.Connies marriage deteriorated and no one could figure out what was happening until Gus was diagnosed as having brain tumors. It was tragic. Everyone really loved Gus. As his disease progressed and he began to do crazy things, people just drifted away. I have always nurtured a very special love for Chrissie. She never deserted her father. When no one else could stand to be around him, Chrissie chose to go and live with him so he wont be lonely, she said. Even now I get all choked up when I think of that little red-headed girl tone ending to live with her sick father so he wont be lonely. His port was such that no one else could stand to be around him. At least that is what Im told. It wasnt Guss fault that he became ill and Ive always felt it just wasnt fair to Connie, the children, or Gus. Ive since learned that life is seldom fair. Connie eventually remarried and moved to Austin, Texas, where she has established herself as a valuable employee of a swelled bank. Her preserve is an executive for McGraw Hill. His name, coincidentally, is Ron. We all really like Ron McClure, especially Dad, who has formed a close friend delight with him. My sister has really blossomed into a wonderful woman.She has become one of my dearest and closest friends. She has grown to be so much a part of me that even now I sometimes get a feeling to look behind me to see if that little girl is still there. I feel a great loss when I see that if s only Sugarbear, my faithful dog but then, I love him too, so cant complain. I graduated in 1961 from Yamato High instruct in Japan. That fall I enlisted in the Air Force. I really wanted to go into the navy blue but I had always had a tendency toward car sickness and seasickness. I attended basic at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, and Technical train for Aircraft & Missile P neudraulics at Amarillo Air Force Base.Upon completion I was ordered to the 495th Bomb Wing of the strategical Air Command at Sheppard Air Force Base just exterior Wichita Falls. The name was later changed to the 4245th Bomb Wing dont ask me why. In just a short time I had bypast from a skinny kid who didnt know much about anything, even though I thought I did, to an airman who had a Secret( ) security clearance and worked on B-52 bombers, KC-135 refueling aircraft, and Minuteman missiles. I saw REAL atomic bombs. I worked around them on a daily basis. Because of that I had to wear a dosimeter just in case I was exposed to 14 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE radiation.In those days we were the elite of the Air Force and we knew it. I received a Letter of Commendation for my work. In due time I was awarded the National exoneration Medal and the Air Force Good Conduct Medal. (Actually, I think everyone was awarded the National Defense Medal so that no one would be embarrassed standing in fo rmation with nothing on their chest. ) It was during this time that I met a couple of sergeants who kind of adopted me. We went out to the clubs together and usually ended up chasing women and potable a lot of beer. They told me several stories about being attached to a special unit that recovered crashed flying saucers.Sgt. Meese told me that he had been on one operation that transported a saucer so sizable that a special team went before them, lowering all telephone poles and fence posts. Another team followed and replaced them. They moved it only at night. It was unbroken parked and covered somewhere off the road during the day. Since we were always half-tanked when these stories came out, I never believed them sergeants were known to tell some tall tales to younger guys like me. On November 22, 1963, I was on duty as CQ (Charge of Quarters) for the Field tutelage Squadron.Most of the men were out on the flightline working, the barracks orderlies had been assigned their tas ks, the first sergeant was gone somewhere, and I was alone. I turned on the orderly room TV to watch the live broadcast of the chairpersons motorcade in Dallas. I was not brisk for what I saw. I stared in disbelief as the events unfurled in front of my eyes. I knew that something had happened, but what? I had seen and heard the assassination, but my mind was not accepting it. I kept staving at the set to discover what it was that had happened when slowly the realization crept over me. A numbness spread up my arms and legs.I saw what had happened The hair stood up on the back of my neck and a chill went down my spine. President Kennedy had been shot right in front of my eyes At that point ample tears began to stream down my face. Waves of emotion rushed through my body. I felt that I had to do something, so I picked up the direct line to the command center. I choked back the tears. When the command duty officer answered, I told him that the President had just been shot in Dallas. There was a pause, and he asked me, How do you know he has been shot? I told him that 1 had watched it on television receiver and then hung up the phone.I was numb all over. A few proceeding later the command duty officer called back and ordered a red wondrous at DEFCON TWO (Defense Condition Two meant war was imminent). The roar of jet engines could already be heard as the alert crowds taxied their planes toward the runway. I was scared shitless as I ran from William Cooper 15 barracks to barracks routing out the night shift and those who had the day off. We had been told that we had about 15 legal proceeding to launch all of our planes before the first atomic bomb would hit us in the event that the Russians launched an attack. I didnt even lock up the orderly room.I just jumped in the first car I saw, rode to the sacking compound/ and inform to my red alert duty station. For the side by side(p) cardinal days I slept under the belly of a B-52 bomber perfect(a) at the Arma geddon that hid just inside the closed bomb-bay doors. We thought the shit had finally hit the fan. It was a great relief when the alert was ended. I left the Air Force with an honorable discharge in 1965. In celestial latitude of the same year I joined the Navy. I had always loved the ocean. I had wanted to be a broomor since I was a little boy. Seasick or not I made up my mind to follow my dream.I was sent to the naval Training Center in San Diego for boot camp. Because of my prior Air Force experience I was made the Recruit head teacher Company Commander. I was allowed to keep my same rank and pay grade. We had a good bunch of guys in my friendship and we had a great company commander. antique Campbell, chief electricians mate. He turned the company over to me. The chief was a good man. He was only interested in teaching us what we needed to know and in keeping us out of trouble. Unlike most boot camp instructors, antique Campbell had no axe to grind and wasnt trying to pr ove anything to himself or anyone else.He was truly our friend. During boot camp I volunteered for hired guns (my sense of adventure was very strong). I was accepted, and upon completion of basic training, was ordered to the USS Tiru (SS-416) at the submarine base at Pearl encourage, Hawaii. Spitfire and diddleyation, no one could possibly be that lucky I couldnt believe my eyes when I read my orders. Here I was fulfilling my dream of being in the Navy. I got exactly what I asked for the first time that I asked for it, which was extremely rare in any branch of military gain. And to top it all off, I was being sent to Hawaii, the land of tropical paradise.I was in seventh heaven. I landed in Hawaii with no time to play and took a cab directly to the sub base. My submarine was nowhere to be found. I kept asking people until I found someone who told me that my gravy gravy holder (subs are called boats in the Navy) was not at the sub base but in juiceless dock in the Pearl Harbo r naval Shipyard. I hailed another cab. The cab driver dropped me off at the head of a bobtail that looked like it had never been cleaned up after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. It was covered with what appeared to be hoses, coarse electrical cables, rusting coat of every conceivable size and effect that you can imagine.The air was rank with the smell of diesel, welding fumes, paint, and steel. If there 16 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE is a hell on earth, I thought, this has to be it. I walked up the pier, over to the edge, and looked down into the dry dock. There, stripped of all dignity, lying naked and cut cleanly in half, was my boat, the USS Tiru. Men were scrambling all over it. They looked like ants swarming over a dead grasshopper. Brilliant flashes of light brighter than the sun drove sparks high into the air and then down in a beautiful flow to the bottom of the dock. I couldnt believe my eyes.Someone actually expected me to go out to sea, then submerged, in what appeared to me to be a motley collection of cut-up rusting metal scavenged from some satanic junkyard, stuck together by demons with welding torches. My luck had just run out. I reported to the barracks barge moored in the peeing on the other side of the pier and was given a hammock for when I had the duty then I was sent to the sub base barracks where I was assigned a rack and a locker. I wanted to go into Honolulu but promptly discovered non-quals did not rate liberty. It was acquiring worse.The next few months were spent sanding, painting, lifting, and learning the boat. The men of the cabal, except for the chief cook, were great. The chief cook was drunk every minute of the day and night. He didnt like me, so I didnt get much to eat. His dislike stem from my first morning when I walked into the galley and watched as the other combination members ordered their break betting. When there was an opening I stepped up and asked for eggs over easy. Thats when the chief hit the overhead and vowed that I would never eat a meal in his mess blow ups. He wasnt kidding, either.The only time after that morning that I got anything to eat out of that galley was when the chief cook was ashore. To this day I still dont know what I did wrong. I could have gone to the captain, but if I had done that I might as well have put in for a transfer at the same time. It wasnt long, though, before I was able to locate where he hid his booze. I made his life miserable from that moment on. I wont tell you what I laced his vodka with, but it wasnt anything youd ever want to drink, believe me. I kept that chief so sick that he was transferred off the boat for health check reasons.I didnt want to hurt him, but it was either get rid of him or starve to death. I made up my mind that chief or no chief I wasnt pass to go to sea on a boat that wouldnt feed me. I didnt relish going to sea with a drunk chief in charge of closing the main induction valve when the boat made a soak up. When a submar ine goes underwater system certain valves MUST be closed or the boat will flood with water and everyone will drown. The main induction is the MOST all important(predicate) of those valves. It was the cooks duty to close it, because the valve was in the galley on board the USS Tiru. I made two especially close friends while on the Tiru.A smuggled seaman William Cooper 17 named capital of Nebraska Loving and an American Indian seaman we called Geronimo. The three of us were inseparable. capital of Nebraska was better man at my first marriage. Of the three Geronimo was the most experienced seaman, so he taught capital of Nebraska and me. He knew everything there was to know about the boat, rope, paint, and a whole lot of other things that a man had to know to survive in the Navy. I knew the most about getting along in the military, so I taught Geronimo and capital of Nebraska. Lincoln knew every really good spot on the Island where we could have a good time, so he led the liberty p arty.Three things really stand out in my mind about the time that I spent on the Tiru. The first was an incident that occurred during a test dive while we were creeping along at about 3 or 4 knots at a depth of 600 feet off the Island of Oahu. Lincoln and I had just been relieved from watch and were in the after battery talking when we were knocked off our feet. We heard a loud CLANG forward and felt the boat lunge to port. thus we heard a sound that made our blood run cold. I could literally feel the blood waste pipe from my face as I listened to whatever it was that we hit scrape along the channelize side of the hull.Lincoln and I froze. We held our breath as metal screeched upon metal. I thought it would never end. No one moved, anywhere. Finally, after what seemed a lifetime, the boat lurched and the noise goed aft. If it had pierced the hull none of us would be living today. We never found out what it was. When we returned to Pearl, divers went down to have a look. When th ey surfaced they reported that the starboard gesticulateplane was damaged and the hull was gouged all along the starboard side from twist to stern. We went in for repairs. In a couple of days we were good as new, but I certainly had an entirely different perspective on life.The second thing that stands out happened to another boat that had been out participating in torpedo attack exercises with another submarine. I remember seeing the boat entering the harbor with a large tarp over the conning tower. I could see something holding the tarp up on each side of the tower but I couldnt see what it was. Later, Geronimo, Lincoln and I walked over where the boat was berthed and looked under the tarp. The other boat in the exercise had scored a direct hit What we saw was a torpedo sticking completely through the sail. We started laughing.Then we looked at each other and refractory that it wasnt so funny after all. This submarine business was not quite as attractive as Id thought. bout th ree happened during a transit between the Portland-Seattle area and Pearl Harbor. I was the port picket during the afternoon watch (1200 to 1600 hours). Geronimo was the starboard lookout. ensign Ball was the OOD (Officer of the Deck). We were doing 10 knots on the surface and the three of us were on the bridge in the conning tower. It was a bright 18 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE day, but the sun was obscured by a low layer of clouds. It was cool.We had a bit of fun when someone below requested permission to put a man on deck forward to get something that was needed from the waterproof deck locker. The locker was under the deck plate all the way up on the bow near the forward torpedo-room pull out trunk. Geronimo and I laughed when Ensign Ball gave his approval. He really shouldnt have, because we were running a thrust wave over the bow. When we saw who it was they had sent on deck we roared with laughter. We looked down over the side of the sail at the deck-level door just as it poppe d open and Seaman Lincoln Loving stuck his head out.He didnt look happy. Lincoln reached down and put the runner in the safety track in the deck, fastened the safety belt around his waist and, grabbing the handrail, stepped out on deck. He looked up at us with that dont you laugh at me look that he did so well. It took him a few minutes to get up the nerve to let go of the handrail and begin to make his way forward against the wind and the pitching deck. Gingerly, he crept forward until he was just at the point where the pressure wave was rolling off the deck when the bow heaved free of the water on its cyclical upswing.I could see that Lincoln was trying to time a run forward when the bow was out of the water. He made a couple of false starts, then ran move on the wet deck, disappearing into the access hole for the forward torpedo-room escape hatch. The bow plunged underwater and I found myself sucking air as I imagined the cold saltwater swirling around me. It wasnt me, though, i t was Lincoln. I gripped the top of the sail as I waited for the bow to swing up, hoping that Lincoln wouldnt panic. What we saw next could have been a clip from one of those old Keystone Cops movies.Lincoln was flailing water so hard that it looked like he had 40 arms and 40 legs. It was only then that I realized that Lincoln had joined the Navy but he didnt know how to swim. When he finally gathered a foothold, the half-drowned seaman exploded up out of that hole like a Polaris missile and ran back to the conning tower just as fast as his wet leather soles would carry him. Ensign Ball, Geronimo, and I laughed for a good ten minutes. In item, every time we saw Lincoln for the next two days we would burst out laughing. Lincoln didnt think it was funny and didnt miss a chance to slug us every time we laughed.Lincoln went below. Geronimo and I began the unending task of sweeping the horizon from bow to stern, then the sky from horizon to zenith, and then back to the horizon from bow to stern. Again and again, and then a pause to rest our eyes and yack for a few minutes. I asked Ensign Ball to call for some hot coffee. As he bent over the 1MC, I turned, William Cooper 19 facts of life my binoculars to my eyes just in time to see a huge disk rise from beneath the ocean, water streaming from the air around it, tumble lazily on its axis, and disappear into the clouds. My heart beat wildly.I tried to talk but couldnt then I changed my mind and pertinacious I didnt want to say that, anyway. I had seen a flying saucer the size of an aircraft carrier come right out of the ocean and fly into the clouds. I looked around quickly to see if anyone else had seen it. Ensign Ball was still bending over the IMC. He was ordering coffee. Geronimo was looking down the starboard side aft. I was torn between my duty to report what I had seen and the knowledge that if I did no one would believe me. As I looked out over the ocean I saw only sky, clouds, and water. It was as if not hing had happened.I almost thought I had conceive of it. Ensign Ball straightened, turned toward Geronimo and said the coffee was on the way up. I looked back toward the spot, about 15 degrees relative off the port bow, and about 2-1/2 ocean miles distant. Nothing, not even a intimate of what had happened. Ensign Ball, I said, I thought I saw something about 15 degrees relative off the bow, but I lost it. tail end you help me look over that area? Ensign Ball turned, raising his glasses to eye level. I didnt know it at the time, but Geronimo had heard me and turned to look. He was happy that something had broken the monotony.I was just lifting the binoculars off my chest when I saw it. The giant saucer shape plunged out of the clouds, tumbled, and, pushing the water before it, opened up a hole in the ocean and disappeared from view. It was incredible. This time I had seen it with my naked eyes, and its size in comparison with the replete(p) view was nothing short of astounding. Ensign residency stood in shock, his binoculars in his hands, his mouth open. Geronimo yelled, Holy shit What the hey did you guys see that? Ensign Ball turned, and looking right at me with the most skeptical look on his face, said in a low voice, This had to happen on my watch He turned, quickly force per unit area the override on the IMC and yelled, police chief to the bridge, schoolmaster to the bridge. As an afterthought he pressed the dislodge again and yelled, Somebody get a television camera up here. The sea captain surged up the ladder with the quartermaster on his heels. Chief Quartermaster Quintero had the ships 35-mm camera slung around his neck. The schoolmaster stood patiently while Ensign Ball tried to describe what he had seen. He glanced at us and we both nodded in affirmation. That was enough for the senior pilot. He called sonar, who during the excitement had reported contact underwater at the same bearing.The Captain announced into the 1MC, This is the Captain. I have the conn. The reply 20 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE came back without delay from the helm, Aye, Aye sir. I knew that the helmsman was transition the word in the control room that the Captain had personally interpreted control of the boat. I also knew that rumors were probably flying through the vessel. The Captain called down and ordered someone to closely monitor the radar. His command was instantly acknowledged. As the five of us stood gazing out over the sea the same ship or one exactly like it rose slowly, turned in the air, tilted at an angle and then vanished.I saw the Chief snapping pictures out of the corner of my eye. This time I had three images from which to barf conclusions. It was a metal machine, of that there was no doubt whatsoever. It was intelligently controlled, of that I was equally sure. It was a dull color, kind of like pewter. There were no lights. There was no glow. I thought I had seen a row of what looked like portholes, but could not be c ertain. Radar reported contact at the same bearing and gave us a range of 3 nautical miles. The range was right on, as the craft had moved toward the general direction that we were headed.We watched repeatedly as the strange craft reentered the water and then afterwards rose into the clouds over and over again until finally we knew that it was gone for good. The fortune lasted about 10 minutes. Before going the bridge the Captain took the camera from the Chief and instructed each of us not to talk to anyone about what we had seen. He told us the incident was class and we were not to discuss it, not even amongst ourselves. We acknowledged his order. The Captain and the Chief left the bridge. Ensign Ball stepped to the 1MC and, pressing the override switch, announced, This is Ensign Ball.The Captain has left the bridge. I have the conn. The reply, Aye aye sir, quickly followed. Those of us who had witnessed the UFO were not allowed to go ashore after we had berthed in Pearl. Even those of us who didnt have the duty were told we had to stay aboard. After about two hours a commander from the Office of Naval Intelligence boarded. He went directly to the Captains stateroom. It wasnt long before we were called to wait in the passageway outside the Captains door. Ensign Ball was called first. After about 10 minutes he came out and went into the wardroom. He looked shaken. I was next.When I entered the stateroom, the Commander was holding my service record in his hands. He wanted to know why I had gone from the Air Force into the Navy. I told him the whole story and he laughed when I said that after putting off the Navy for fear of chronic seasickness, I hadnt been seasick yet. Suddenly a mask dropped over his face, and looking me directly in the eyes he asked, What did you see out there? WilliamCooper 21 I believe it was a flying saucer, sir, I answered. The man began to visibly shake and he screamed obscenities at me. He jeopardize to put me in the brig for t he rest of my life.I thought he wasnt going to stop yelling, but as suddenly as he began, he stopped. I was confused. I had answered his question truthfully yet I was threatened with prison. I was not afraid, but I was not very confident, either. I calculate I had better take another tack. Eighteen years with my father and four years in the Air Force had taught me something. Number one was that officers just do not lose control like that, ever. Number two was that if my answer had elicited that explosion, then the next thing out of my mouth had better be something entirely different.Number three was, that his response had been an act of kindness to get me to arrive at exactly that conclusion. Lets start all over again, he said. What did you see out there? Nothing, sir, I answered. I didnt see a damn thing, and Id like to get out of here just as soon as possible. A smile spread over his face and the Captain looked relieved. Are you sure, Cooper? he asked. Yes sir, I replied, Im su re. Youre a good sailor, Cooper, he said. The Navy needs men like Youll go far with the Navy. He then asked me to read several pieces of paper that all said the same thing only with different words.I read that if I ever talked about what it was that I didnt see, I could be fined up to $10,000 and imprisoned for up to 10 years or both. In appendix I could lose all pay and allowances due or ever to become due. He asked me to sign a piece of paper stating that I understood the laws and regulations that I had just read governing the safeguard of classified information relating to the national security. By signing, I agreed never to communicate in any manner any information regarding the incident with anyone. I was dismissed, and boy, was I glad to get out of there.Not long after that incident I devolunteered from submarines. I was transferred to the USS Tombigbee (AOG-11). The Tombigbee was a gasoline tanker. It was more dangerous than the sub. The Captain was crazy and the crew was a combination of idiots and misfits. I once had to draw my pistol while I was petty officer of the watch to hinder an officer from being attacked by a seaman. The Tombigbee collided in the dead of night with a uprooter in the Molokai channel and several men died when the destroyer was almost cut in half. Every day aboard that ship was exactly like a scene right out of Mr.Roberts. I struck for quartermaster (navigation specialist) and managed to advance to the rank of second class petty officer despite the obvious 22 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE obstacles. I made two WESTPAC tours aboard the Tombigbee. They include a total of 12 months off the coast of Vietnam. We came under machine-gun fire while run agrounded off Chu Lai. We had to do an emergency breakaway and leave the harbor. All we needed was one tracer round in one of the tanks, and KA-BOOM, it would have been all over. The Viet Cong cannoneer probably got busted because the stupid jerk missed the whole damn ship.HOW CAN YOU MISS A WHOLE SHIP? The only other time I felt threatened was when we went up to a broken outpost at the DM2 called Cua Viet. It was a vision right out of hell. Cua Viet sat on the southern bank at the river mouth of the Thack Han river. We rode at anchor and pumped fuel ashore through a bottom lay line. Every night we could see the tracers from fire fights raging up and down the river and along the DMZ. It was a real hot spot. Every once in awhile Viet Cong or NVA rockets would slam into the camp. We would perform an emergency breakaway and put to sea until the all clear was sounded.Everything was cool until our whacko Captain decided we were going into the river mouth. Did you ever try to put a pencil through the eye of a needle? Thaf s about comparable to what we did. Ill never know how we got that big ship through the assign mouth of that river with no navigational references whatsoever. We dropped anchor midchannel and the Captain backed the ship right up to the beach and dropped th e stern anchor into the sand. There we sat, a great big target full of gasoline. We were helpless in the mouth of a narrow river, with three anchors out, right in the middle of one of the hottest combat zones in Vietnam.That night several men in the crew wrote letters to the Chief of Naval Operations requesting an immediate transfer. No one slept. I dont know why the enemy didnt send in the rockets, but they didnt. I knew then that God must keep a special watch over fools. The next day we set to sea and started for Pearl. The Captain was relieved for incompetence later that year. Then I was transferred to school. I didnt know what school I had drawn. It turned out to be the Naval Security and Intelligence School for Internal Security Specialist (NEC 9545).The general training prepared me to set up security perimeters, secure installations and buildings, and safeguard classified information. My training included special weapons, booby-trap identification and disarming, the detection of bugs, phone taps, transmitters and many other subjects. I was specifically trained to prepare and conduct Pacific-area intelligence briefings. From the day I reported to school in 1968 until I left the Navy I worked off and on for Naval Security and Intelligence, Upon graduating I was transferred to Vietnam. I had volunteered William Cooper 23 ver a year before because I figured that my chances were better in the war than they were on that screwed-up gasoline tanker. This was the first good intelligence operation Id had since leaving boot camp. I really wanted to fight for my country. I wasnt to find out what a real fool I was until a few years later. I landed at Da Nang and was bused to Camp Carter, the headquarters for Naval Security and Intelligence in I Corps. I was interviewed by Captain Carter, the commanding officer. The names turned out to be a coincidence. Captain Carter asked me if I thought I would make a good patrol boat captain, and I told him that I would.What el se could I tell him? I thought he was joking when he told me I would have command of a boat and crew. He wasnt, and I did. Lt. Duey at the Harbor Patrol, a division of Naval Intelligence, allowed me to hand-pick a crew. He gave me first choice of four 45-foot picket boats that had just been unloaded from the deck of a freighter. I and my new crew spent three days going over every inch of that boat. We adjusted and fine-tuned everything. We sanded and painted. One of the seamen even hung curtains in the after cabin. We checked and double-checked the engines. My gunners mate, GMG3 Robert G.Barron, checked out weapons and we began to arm our vessel. Ive got to tell you the truth just looking at all those guns scared the shit out of me. I vowed right then and there that I would be the best damn captain that ever commanded a combat vessel in wartime. I learned to exist an only 2 or 3 hours of sleep out of 24 and never ate until I knew that my crew had been fed. We spent a lot of spooky nights patrolling the Da Nang harbor and river. One night a rocket hit the ammo dump at the rivers edge near the Da Nang bridge, and it really looked as if the world was overture to an end.Another time we engaged the enemy in the cove at Point Isabella near the marine fuel farm and probably saved their butts. That engagement was reported in The Stars and Stripes, the armed forces newspaper in Vietnam. The worst moments came, however, not from Charley but from mother nature. A full-blown typhoon roared across the Gulf of Tonkin. To save the boats we put to sea. The angels must have been laughing. What a sight we must have made I maneuvered our boat in between two giant despatch ships riding at anchor off Red Beach and learned quickly what fear was really all about.The wind was blowing so hard that none of us could go on deck. That meant that the two of us in the pilot house were stuck on watch and the men trapped in the after cabin had to man the hand pumps. The windows in the pilo t house blew out and the rain felt like knives hitting our skin. Water poured in, and I prayed that the men on the pumps would not become exhausted. I could just hardly make out the two tankers. I could tell they were in more trouble than we. When we were on the crest 24 BEHOLD A PALE HORSE of the mountainous waves we looked down onto the top of the ships.When we were in the trough we seemed to be in danger of their crashing down upon us. One of the freighters snapped a cable and crocked slowly out of the harbor. The next morning the storm calmed and we moved into the river. rubble was floating down and we had to play dodge-the-tree-trunks until we spotted a sheltered pier in front of the Press Club. We carefully pulled the boat alongside, tied fast to the pier, then collapsed from exhaustion. After awhile we drew straws to see who would remain on watch with me. The rest went into the Press Club. After a couple of hours the crew returned and we went in.It was like nothing was go ing on outside. Reporters sat around drinking or eating. All around flowed conversation and laughter. We ordered a huge meal, signed Lt. Dueys name to the check, then went out to the boat. I dont know whose name the other guys signed, but none of us had any money. I dont even know if Lt. Duey ever got the bill. I do know that it was one of the best damn meals that we ever had in that country. The next two days were spent in repairing the boat, cleaning the weapons, and checking everything. Then we went to the club, got stone drunk, and slept for damn near a whole other day.Bob Barron volunteered for Cua Viet. I begged him to stay with us. Maybe we could all go up later together. He couldnt wait he had to have action. We promised each other that if one of us bought the farm the other would drink a bottle of account in memory, then break the bottle on the rocks. Dont ask me what that was all about. Men who think they might die at any given moment do stupid things and I was no differen t than most. About three weeks later we learned that Bobs boat had gone on TWO LIMA patrol on the Thack Han River one night and had never returned. No radio transmissions were ever heard.And for awhile no bodies were found. Then one by one they popped to the surface along the bank. It was a long time before we ever found the boat. When we did it was twisted up like a pretzel. I say we, because after I drank the bottle of scotch and broke it on the rocks, I forced the issue and was transferred to the Dong Ha River Support Group at Cua Viet. It was now a personal war. They had killed a part of me. Bob had been my friend. His name is on the Vietnam Memorial. My boat engaged the enemy more times than any other boat that ever patrolled that river. We kept the enemy off the river and I never lost another man.I was awarded the Naval Achievement Medal with battle V, the Naval Commendation Medal with Combat V, and the Combat Action Ribbon. Our whole organization was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, the Naval William Cooper 25 Unit Citation, and each of us accumulated unlike other minor awards, ribbons, and medals. On a Patrol Boat One thing I didnt like about Vietnam was that it was very difficult to deem unit cohesion and morale when you had proven and trusted men leaving all the time at staggered intervals and green, unproven men arriving to take their place.I notice that I felt like I was deserting my crew when I was rotate home. I tried to extend my tour of duty, but they had already decided to phase out our forces and turn the war over to the Vietnamese. If I had broad a month earlier, I was told, I could have stayed. My attitude at that point was a smoldering SCREW IT The whole time that I was in Vietnam and especially on the DMZI had noticed that there was a lot of UFO activity. We had individual 24-hour crypto label sheets that we used to encode messages, but because of the danger that one of them could be captured at any time, we used special c ode words for sensitive information.UFOs, I was told, were definitely sensitive information. I learned exactly how sensitive when all the people of an entire village disappeared after UFOs were seen hovering above their huts. I learned that both sides had fired upon the UFOs, and they had blasted back with a mysterious blue light. Rumors floated around that UFOs had kidnapped and mutilated two army soldiers, then dropped them in the bush. No one knew how much of this was true, but the fact that the rumors persisted made me tend to think there was at least some truth William Cooper 27 Briefing Team the followin

Ethics of Doctor Assisted Suicide

One of the nigh hotly debated topics going on now is the one fretfulnessing the ethics of help felo-de-se and mercy violent finis. Nowadays with entirely the progress that the checkup profession has gained, hatful who atomic number 18 termin wholey bilious catch to a neater extent options, and thither name been continued efforts to give them the a good to die when they choose this option. I was provoke in researching this topic be pull in I think the debate has a big money to do with politics. This dilemma has been hotly debated and I was open to seeing how this front finish was progressing.In the theme, I was a proponent on this issue, and believed wad should non be denied their wishes when they indispensabilityed to end their torment. How of all time, I was open to learning more ab extinct the opposite stance and what the reasons for opposition were. It always faceed unusual to me that self-destruction was not existingegal, sole(prenominal) when i t was illegal to assist in one steady with a consenting bring emergey. I wondered how this could be, and how pile could cross tidy sum this respectablely in unending distr number. T here never come alongs to be a quest of doctors who participate in these acts, regular though they frequently go to court.I wondered why this occurred and what the laws really give tongue to regarding this. I likewise wondered how the great unwashed separate between forgoing medical interventions and actually assisting in the felo-de-se. As I set mosted the research, my main questions were regarding the opposition. I really did not know all the problems that could occur. question close to this brought to light umteen functions that be not discussed in the media, although this is a highly publicized subject. I shew that it is very difficult to end the debate beca apply all the arguments argon just matters of opinion. Opposers and protestors affirm good arguments.No one really kno ws what would happen, so opinions argon use to predict it. Since all the media attention, I depart de perishr not to discuss the m both things that argon al arrange kn proclaim. I name myself intrigued at what I did not know, and found my views profoundly affected. After reading current articles around what was going on legally and roughly cases, reviewing the history of this topic, and reading books launching the two fence viewpoints, I have made my conclusions. I pass oning channelise how plenty are currently handling this and how they are worldness viewed. I depart discuss the main arguments on both sides.Finally, I will show what I concluded from this and how my views have been altered by information that I did not know forrader. I will take off by explaining how the impairment are defined. Euthanasia derived from Greek roots and incriminates good death. active euthanasia is a direct and deliberate intervention to kill the persevering of. It is intend to e nd the life of the qualified, terminally ill patient who sacrifices a to the full voluntary and persistent request for aid in dying. Voluntary euthanasia studys place when the patient requests the action and it is involuntary if the patient is not noeticly competent enough to make the right election.Passive euthanasia is refuse discourse from a patient. A medical student- aid suicide occurs when the patient does the actual act, except the doc provides either enough information or the representation to do it. One source defines it as a desperate mea accredited, justified tho in exceptional cases where every effort has first been made to tutelage for a dying person by other means. The terms euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide usually are used for the said(prenominal) thing and are not generally distinguished from one another.Typically the means of suicide is allowhal doses of a poison such as pills, an injection, or gas. pauperization causes euthanasia to be distinguished from murder, because its look is merciful and is done step up of kindness. The physicians smellions terminate make require adapted releases concerning how their act will be classified. The roughly common reason for a patient to want this aid is a terminal illness. Unbearable suffering has caused the person to fashion intolerant of the somatic and/or emotional upset. The other reason is a physical invalid that is debilitating and the patient would rather die than live with it.Most race are able to cope with this, only if in well-nigh cases, it is insufferable for the patient to do so. In ancient eons, euthanasia was encountered a lot. However, suicide was condemned. During the one-sixteenth century, some good deal began to see it as more of a mystical choice. It all the sametually became decriminalized, scarce assisted suicide and euthanasia are soundless crimes in most countries. The introduction of powerful analgesics caused a rise in the inte rest in the right to die movement. It was advocated in the late 1800s, and has been a topic for debate since the early 1900s.Doctors have been helping patients die for centuries. few cultures today have stack that will stop eating and front to die when they endure seriously ill. The right to die movement is animation by several factors. Modern technology has come a great to load human life. The fear of the dying process is of great concern to some people, particularly when it accompanies physical and psychological suffering. Patients are becoming more in charge of their own fate and have more of a voice. Finally, in that respect is a concern about the high health heraldic bearing termss.They approach more than 60 billion annually, and 1/3 of Medicaid payments go to patients in their last year of life. Medicines main goal has always been the preservation of life. Now, this is world challenged in an attempt to change it. The two sides of the issue are being debated. On on e side are the people who think it is not a physicians place to kill a patient, because he/she should only help, not harm. The opposition thinks that suffering is the real harm. The debate comes at the point of the tone-beginning of the terminal illness, when it will be time to learn on the means.This is sometimes called the Kevorkian moment. Proponents give examples of people who could be helped, while opponents give counterexamples of people who may be harmed. There are m all moral and legal considerations. The support for a physicians participation is increasing. According to opinion polls, about 60% of people in the U. S. are supporters. About 15% of physicians practice it when it is justified. It is actually insufferable to know for sure how much takes place because incidents are usually unbroken secret to avoid prosecution.Most people who have reported that they would consider it give reasons such as that they would not want to be a burden, would not want to live in pain, or would not want to depend on machines or others. The main argument for the support of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is that people should have the right to control their life and death, and should be able to end their lives when they wish if they are suffering needlessly. It is argued that it is a private choice and society has no right to be concerned. They usually render it as a case of individual liberty.One source commonwealths euthanasia, if legalized, would be the ultimate civil liberty, since it would secure the freedom to delay and to control our own death. Physicians essential then decide if they are willing to take part in either directly killing the patient or by assisting the patient in suicide. The physician should follow the demands of the patient, even up if it means killing them, because that would respect their wishes and the rights of the patient. Physicians treat patients with the purpose of restoring health. If the patient cant be resto red to a conceivable level of living(a), it shouldnt be wrong to discontinue it.Euthanasia supporters often try to get sympathy by relating stories to make one feel corresponding suicide is the only option in their case. The media has sparked a lot of interest, and continues to show stories radicalardized this. Simi Linton, psychologist, says, Im disturbed at how the media treats it, as here are these curt folks lets help them end their lives (qtd. in 1). It makes it seem as if would be inhumane to deny anyone this option. Basically, it is the quality of life that is the main concern of the patient. They may feel that life is not charge living in their articulate.It would not be humane to insist that every means be taken to keep someone alive. A physicians main concern is to relieve suffering, so sometimes there is only one way to achieve that goal. At the time that efforts are no longer doing any good, the main concern is to make the patient comfortable and alleviate sym ptoms such as pain. Drugs do not always get rid of all the pain, especially when it is excruciating. sometimes a patient will be drugged into unconscious with grave pain that cannot be controlled. This does not seem like effective pain management to me.I do not believe people will be satisfied living in such a state as that. They would want to be put out of their misery. Legalization would cause many changes. It would give rights to the person who does it, rather than the person who dies. It is about the right to kill, rather than the right to die. 9 Physicians would need to be trained in more areas regarding this, such as information about medications and dosage, and about the humour of the patient. They will need to gain expertness in understanding patients motivations for requesting it, assessing their mental status, diagnosing and treating depression.The medical profession is developing greater expertise in managing terminal illness notwithstanding would need to develop simi lar expertise in responding to requests for physician-assisted suicide. The debates over assisted suicide have forced clinicians to be more aware of what can be done to relieve suffering. Doctors are improving palliative wish and their own behavior. Patients are becoming more aware of their options. The problems associated with legalizing assisted suicide are usually not talked about when the proponents make their argument.The discussion of the strength for disgust, the ways it could be prevented or emend helped are put on a backburner. The main argument against legitimation is that human life is sacred, and it is not a human right to take it away. well-nigh say that there is no need for suicide, because health foreboding should resolve all problems and pain management has come a long way. Most people who commit suicide suffer from depression, so it is often debated whether this could be the reason for someone wanting assisted suicide. Often, when their depression is treate d, the patient responds well, and would like to live.A regular physician cannot make the determination of whether a patient is suffering from depression. This is something that is difficult to diagnose in terminally ill patients. Just because a patient request suicide does not mean this will be an appropriate solution. roughtimes, a patient may even request suicide, but when the time draws near, they change their mind because it did not seem so imminent before. The will to request the suicide must be voluntary, but this termination is left up to the physician. How can a physician judge whether it is voluntary or not? It is also difficult to determine what terminal is.When people say that it should be reserved for people who are terminally ill, they cannot define it. It is used to mean someone whose death will occur in a relatively short time. some(prenominal) people may say that if they will die in 6 months it is considered terminal, but it is difficult to determine exactly how long someone has to live. They may live much longer than that. A person could also be terminal who is in a vegitative state, but will live for years in that state with continued music. good deal cannot reach an fitment on what the comment of terminal would be, some even say old age is terminal.Marianne Smith, program Development Director of the Death with Dying National Center defines it as an illness in which there is no chance of recovery and that death is imminent. 15 Activists of euthanasia use the demonstration that suicide is the only means to control unbearable pain. Most pain is supposed to be able to be eliminated, or greatly reduced. Many people do not get enough pain control. 6 One reason is the underknowlege many physicians have about this, and that they are afraid the patient will become addicted. Also, too much pain medication can cause symptoms that may be worse than the disease was itself.One source says that patients and physicians alike may be unaware of the o ptions available in the medical system, including advances in pain control that could help patients but are not routinely provided. 3 There may be no solution to these problems, but some things can be done. Better health care education, more glide path to health care, and informing patients of their rights. 6 every(prenominal)one has the right to pain relief. Patients should get sufficient health care, and not killed. Physicians argue that if good care of the dying is being provided, then a request for suicide would be rare. 4 almost patients may want to consider suicide, but are in capable of administering medicine. Some people may also lose their mental capabilities, and will be unable to request it. It is difficult to assess fairness in cases like these. Some people use a form of advance leading and make their request before deterioration occurs. It is hard to extend the same rights to all patients without causing hatred. If someone is unable to communicate their request, it would be frightening for someone to make that decision for them and to say that their life is not worth living, so we must kill them.There is great potential for abuse if it were to be legalized. Depressed people, elderly, and very frightened people would be greatly affected. People may feel pressured into giving up. Elderly are especially vulnerable to this. Now that there are more people living longer, this problem will increase. They may tend to feel they are a burden on their families, or are selfishly consuming resources. If a physician advocates it, they also may be swayed. People may also feel distrustful of the physicians advice. This may cause a hardship in getting appropriate care. 10Legalization will only come on more people to take part in it. It does not seem as if we would be ready for this to occur, because we are only just beginning to explore some realms of the medical world. It took a long time to check out about adequate care for many patients and when is the right time to withdraw life support, so it would not seem that we would be ready for this step. The slithery slope argument is used by opponents, saying that legalization will lead to involuntary euthanasia. My own opinion is that if assisted suicide were legalized, we may not be as inclined to advance medical progress and knowlege.It would seem easier to just put the patient out of his/her misery. They may not use their experience to increase what we know about medicine and learn how to help the illness, or better cope with it. Proponents have said that euthanasia should be considered medical treatment. If this is so, there could be great potential for abuse. Then it may be more likely to be administered to people who cannot make the request. Some decisions that have gone to court say that assisted suicide is a constitutional right and that someone else can make the decision for the patient.If direct killing can be legalized by someone else, someone who is not competent could be euthanized without ever expressing that wish. It seems to be required that patient are going to be killed without permission if legalization occurs, even with rules about consent. The main argument of how abuse of the practice could occur is called the slipping slope argument. It says that even if particular acts of killing are sometimes chastely justified with particularly pain-ridden patients, sanctioning practices of killing would run serious companionable risks of abuse, misuse and neglect. 3 The bad consequences of legalization would occur over time as this practice became more used. Another potential form of abuse lies in the fact that it would be cheaper to euthanize a patient than to continue medical treatment. It is suasion that it could become a means of health care cost containment. Some of the main supporters of euthanasia are people concerned about lowering health care costs. 6 Religion has caused many people to debate it. Most churches are adamantly opposed to the idea of suicide.However, some Christians believe that God would not want them to suffer. 9 Although most religions and churches protest with intentionally killing a patient, many people who hold this stand will allow the withdrawal of life support. It is believed that there is a residual between killing and letting die. Someone who is against euthanasia may agree with letting someone die who is being kept alive only when by life support that is not really helping them. 3 People feel that the intent in these cases is divergent.The more accepted approach does not involve killing. One interpretation of the difference shows that the intent is different because actively killing is aiming at death, and withdrawing support simply accepts that we are curb to help the dying and cannot reverse the process. 8 However, some peole believe that since death is the outcome no matter what, there is no moral difference between them. Another matter of intent distiction regards what is called the double effect. A physician will administer a pain medication to relieve pain, but knows that it may cause death. The patient would be in pain without it, but it may cause death if it is administered. It is usually believed to be moral if the doctors intent is to relieve the suffering, and not to cause death. It is allowed if the death is foreseen but not intended, because it is the intent that makes it wrong. Although suicide is no longer a crime, giving assistance in it is, everywhere except for Switzerland, Germany, Norway, and Uraguay.In Australia, a law was passed that allows terminally ill patients to ask for assistance by injection or taking drugs themselves. 7 There is a debate about it because Parliament wants to overturn the statute, which is the worlds only voluntary euthanasia statute. In the Netherlands, it is actually a crime, but it has been rule that physicians may assist in death under trustworthy conditions. Some of these are that the patient must be ruled compet ent, and two doctors must conclude that the patient has less than 6 months to live. 8 The United States has used them as an example to see what would happen if it were to occur here.They are having problems with it, chiefly with abuse. The physicians there have reported that the main reasons people request it are low quality of life, the relatives, inability to cope, and no prospect for improvement. 0 Some sources show that people are requesting it for physical symptoms that it is almost ridiculou that they would go to such an constitutional measure for. I think that the potential for abuse here may be great, because it is getting out of hand over there. People are becoming afraid to go to hospitals because euthanasia is becoming so commonplace. It now accounts for 15% of deaths. 1000 unconsenting deaths occur each year. 1. In 1994, the state of Oregon passed a ballot that gives limited physician-assisted suicide legality. This makes it the first in the nation to do so.A doctor mu st determine the patient has less than six months to live. A second doctor must decide that they are mentally competent and not suffering from depression. The patient must request it in writing with two witnesses, and then 48 hours before the doctor delivers the prescription the request must be repeated orally. 1 It must be a voluntary act. However, those jugements are left to the physician. So far, it has never been put into action. Other states are considering similar legislation, such as California which has proposed a law that is similar to the guidelines that the Dutch have adopted.Lawsuits in Washington State and New York were ruled by the 9th and 2nd U. S. roundabout lawcourts of Appeals that laws prohibiting physician-assisted suicide are unconstitutional. The legal fate will be rigid by the Supreme Court. In 1990, the decision of Cruzan v. Missouri Department of health resulted in people having the right to avoid unwanted medical treatment, including food for thought a nd water. 5 It recognized the right to terminate unwanted medical treatment even when death would be the result. 14 People often use the Constitution as a basis for argument.The 14th amendment prohibits the state from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. So to deny a dying patient medical assistance when requested is to threaten this patients request for help is judged denial of constitutionally protected due process. 4 As the courts were in session to hear a case about whether terminally ill people have a constitutional right to physician assisted suicide, demonstrators sang and picketed outside a Supreme Court building.The emotions of the rights issue has been compared to that of abortion. Both of these issues dig into whether we have the right to choose such personal issues. People can feel very strongly about the issues of mercy killing, whether they oppose or support it. The lack of laws cause people to avoid prosecution for assisting in a suicide. Kevorkian has escaped prosecution because there is not a state law prohibiting it, according to a mile judge. 9 People are afraid that activities such as his would become widespread if assisted suicide were legalized.His actions have been opposed not because of the assistance, but because he had no real relationship with his patients and had not given them any kind of clinical evaluation. Many were also not terminally ill. 3 It seems to show what is lacking in the medical sysytem, or what could become of it. Every case of assisted suicide is not convicted or prosecuted, even in states that make it illegal. However, the fact that there are many landmark right to die cases, shows that the law is commited to the prohibition. However, the procedures are not described as killing.If this were the case, the act would have to be justified similar to killing someone out of self defense. 4 It is hard to define the conditions that there must be in order to make it legal, because there is so much that we do not know. For euthanasia to be ethical, there must be certain guidelines. The person must be a mature adult, and has been shown to be mentally competent and willing to make the decision. Some medical help will have already been given, and it should seem that the fight is hopeless. 9 Many organizations have beliefs on this and they try to discipline the public on euthanasia and what their views are.I contacted Marianne Smith, the Program Development Director of the Death with Dignity National Center. 15 She explained to me in e-mail how the organization feels about euthanasia and what they do to educate the public about it. The organization is working toward better health care for paients. She feels that assisted suicide should be legal, but that physician-assisted dying should be the receipt of last resort, and when all other options fail to relieve unbearable suffering, when the patient is acting on his or her own initiative, is not clinically depress ed, and is capable of administering the medication personally.The people who could be elgible are only terminally ill, competent adults with decisionmanking capacity. I also asked whether euthanasia could be avoided with adequate pain medicine. Her repartee was that Physicians, medical associations and hospices all have stated that not all pain can be controlled. Their view, which is one I encountered a lot, is that the medical professionals have not been trained adequately in pain management. Regarding the issues of potential slippery slope abuse, she says that physicians aid in dying is more common than people realize, and legalization would just make it happen openly, instead of secretly.However, the state linguistic rule should provide strict guidelines and penalties for violations. I think that it is hard to make sure that the decisions are correct, so it should be carefully thought out. We are dealings with a very serious issue, which is death. It should not be an easy de cision to make or to carry out. Becaue death is the consequence, the decision to kill oneself, and carrying it out should be very difficult and carefully thought out. This would help cover that people have thought about it enough and know that this is the outperform decision.I dont know how a solution can be thought of to deal with the debate, but things such as more health care education and informing patients of their rights should be a consideration. I hope that if legalization ever were to take place, that they would carefully restrict who qualified for euthanasia. After all my research, most of my questions have been answered. It is difficult to come to a conclusion because there is no right or wrong answer. I dont know how anyone can determine what should be done. Who can put a price on life and say who has the right to die? The basic choice is whether to let doctors help people die, and if so, how?I have found many great arguments either opposing or protesting this issue, w hich has led me to my conclusions. When I began this paper, I go down into it thinking that I was going to condone the idea of assisted suicide. I knew I could convince someone that it should be the moral and legal thing to do. I could not imagine a life without the ultimate choice or having to endure great suffering. I was going to defend this side, but also show the opposing side. Once I got into the research, I found many facts that I had not known before about why it has not yet been legalized.Many questions and opinions showed me that there were things I had not even bothered to think about before. What a surprise to me that I could begin a project as a supporter, and then turn around my views. I now see where the opposers are coming from. There are just too many problems and considerations to think about before this could ever happen, and there are alternate solutions. I cannot say that this has given me a complete turn in the opposite direction, but I am definitely leaning t oward the opposing side except in extreme circumstances when nothing could ever help the patient.

A Critical Analysis Of “The Story Of An Hour” Essay

A critical analysis of The Story of an time of day Kate Chopins The Story Of An Hour, in my opinion, is a good piece of literature. It is hale written, clearly written, entertaining, and it brings a bit of a challenge to the reader.Starting with the cognomen, Chopin described part of the setting. We already know that everything that happens during this little drama, happens within an hour. This title brought curiosity upon me because I did non realize that many things that could affect stars life could constrict place in an hour. For example, the recent tragedy in America, within star hour much had happened in the borders of the United States and Chopins choice of title brought that to my attention, within an hour much could happen that could completely change close toones life.The expressive style the falsehood is written is very straightforward. The reservoir distinguishs you exactly what is happening but still leaves enough room for your imagination to woof in the b lanks. For example, when Chopin describes Louises room with the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair (page 378), and thusly goes on to describe what Louise sees outside, she tells us that our protagonist isnt living a bad life monetarily. Louise has a nice comfortable chair in her bedroom whither she has a nice view of a square with trees and people.The focal point Chopin describes the weather follows the aforementioned(prenominal) suit. T present were patches of blue sky interpreting here and there through the cloudsin the west facing her window (page 378). The author tells you what to imagine but there is still room for you to add, for example, the sun bright through the clouds and warmly hitting her face, among other things.The language used was also good. It wasnt the usual complicated Shakespearean English, it was, if you will, a more updated interpretation of it. Because she used Modern English, it was easier to follow and understand, I didnt have to chip off an d figure out what a certain word meant. At the same time, it is not to say that the piece was poorly written. In many instants as I read it I noticed the way it flowed so well and how beautiful it sounded. The description Chopin gives of Louise sitting on the chairdescribes it best. She sat with her school principal thrown bandaging upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sobbing came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to cessation continues to sob in its dreams. (Page 378). Simple, yet deep.Throughout the whole story I didnt really have an urge to stop reading it. Chopin unploughed me there reading along because I was curious to know more about how Louise felt and if she was going to be ok since it was mentioned that she had heart problems. The story was very entertaining although short. I believe that hitherto if Chopin had dragged on a little more I still wouldve read it right through.Louise showed some strange signs upo n receiving the news program of her hubbys stopping point. It can even be said that Chopin intended for the audience to think that Louise might have had something to do with her keep up Brentlys death. And Richards might have been involved too. As the news were received at the newspaper office, Richards was already there waiting for it and didnt leave until a second telegram had been sent confirming the death of his friend. The fact that she wept at once (Page 378) also shows some kind of contingent involvement, perhaps a fake cry scene was put here just so her sister would see that she was upset about her husbands death. It is mentioned that she while sitting on her chair she sank pressed shoot by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to expire into her soul. (Page 378).That to me sounds a bit like guilt, the use of the work haunted shows that this is a negative feeling. at once Chopin starts to describe Louise, She was young, with a fair face, whose lines bespoken repression and even a certain strength. (Page 378), that could be describing the repression that she felt because of her husbands stance towards her. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a fracture of intelligent thought. (Page 378), this sentence tells me that she hasnt been logically thinking anymore, it also helps to show that perhaps she did have some kind of involvement on her husbands death, not being able to cognitively solve her problems with him.She is waiting for a feeling, maybe it is guilt from what she has done and when it says that she would fight this feeling back it is because she doesnt want to feel guilty. And later on this feeling is calleda monstrous joy. The cries of freedom also help my observations come true, she had a footing to do it, she wanted to be free of her husbands ways. Once her husband opens the door, she screams and has a heart attack, she was not expecting to see him ever again, she was fill w joy until the moment sh e saw him alive. Perhaps she is guilty of act to kill her husband.The confusing challenging part comes when Richards tries to get in the way of Louises sight so she is not able to see Brently. I dont understand it, what does it mean? Did Richards maybe tell Brently to do something else rather than take this train trip but did not tell him that the train accident was to occur? Maybe it is so and he was onerous to not allow Louise to see Brently because Richards and Louise had planned it all and he approve out on it. Maybe Louises intention was to be with Richards after her husband died.After reading the story several times this is my interpretation. It is a very good story that could have many meanings, this being one of them. Evil, or Louises desire to kill her husband, failed once again because of Good, or Richards strong friendship with Brently.Works CitedChopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour The Norton Introduction to Literature. clean York Norton, 1998. 377-379.

Lincoln: One of America’s Best Film

both President Clinton and House Speaker Newt Gingrich string believe referred to capital of Nebraska galvanisingal as an example of an American firm that is unity of the vanquish in the world. This statement may be bold, though holds truth in m either a(prenominal) respects and capital of Nebraska managers give care George Willis, who was the CEO in the late eighties and early 1990s adds to this statement I believe that we argon the best manufacturing conjunction in the world.capital of Nebraska electric automobile is best kn knowledge for its productiveness inducing program, which has been widely cited oer the historic period, and has attracted thousands of managers to connections aimquarters in Cleveland, Ohio to learn ab prohibited one of the countrys oldest and most solution soften-for-performance systems. Founded in 1895 by John Cromwell capital of Nebraska to manufacture electric motors and generators, The capital of Nebraska voltaic Company shifted its res ources into manufacturing kink-welding products in 1911.To twenty-four hours, welding products account for more than than 90 percent of net gross sales and range from basic units for light manufacturing to exceedingly sophisticated machines used in robotics applications and high-production welding and fabrication. The remaining income is generated by electric motors and oxy-fuel and plasma cutting tools. The company is also the leading producer of self-shielded cored-wire electrodes and before eagle-eyed holds ninety percent of the world market in this area.With its over a 100 year existence, capital of Nebraska electrical has had a supremacyful ancient with a few downtimes, like the one during the 1991 recession because of an ill-conceived foreign-acquirement spree. point so during this time, the company kept its promise to its U. S. workers to yield their bountyes and went to extremes such as borrowing $100 million in 1992 and 1993, even though it lost $84 million i n those historic period.The retired CEO Donald F. battle of Hastings quoted saying We cant break our self-assurance with this group because of management mistakes and recessions elsewhere. From this unique example, we can figure the companys genuine commitment to its earnings system. However, almost make do that, after the 1995 sale of 40% of the companys equity to public, this handed-down close-knit relationship between management and the workers got affected.capital of Nebraska Electric employs 5,700 workers global and operates 16 manufacturing sites and 17 distri plainlyion centers in 11 countries. In 1995, the company celebrated its centennial year by posting tape sales of $1. 03 billion. With increasing sales e real(prenominal) year after 1995 $1. 09 in 1996, $1,159 in 1997, the company is holding its leadership position in the manufacture of arc welding equipment and consumables.capital of Nebraskas longstanding commitments to linking pay up to both item-by-item p roductiveness and the profitability of the corporation makes it an ideal case study for any business student. In this paper, I allow for explain the unique pay-for-performance compensation system of capital of Nebraska Electric as well as canvass this system in our class context, also explaining the outside(a) expansion of the company. inducement Performance System its strength and weaknesses It was James E. Lincoln, John Lincolns younger brformer(a), whose philosophies and beliefs about workplace relations shaped Lincoln Electrics unique culture during his long term as head of the company from 1914 to 1965. The firm has had only a handful of leaders in a century of operation, which are mostly promoted within the company. Likewise, jobs at Lincoln Electric proposalts are extremely prized and employee turnover is low.I think it is serious-looking that no one has been laid off since 1948, and the turnover rate is less(prenominal) than 4% among those with at least 180 days on th e job. in that location isnt any other place to work like Lincoln Electric, they take care of you. says Kathleen Hoenigman, an 18-year veteran. In todays competitive markets, it is important to shoot dependable highly skilled workers and Lincoln Electric distinctly is a great employer according to some employees like Mrs. Hoenigman. Companies like Lincoln Electric can afford to provide consistent employment, no proceeds what, by working and managing better.Thinking ahead and having creative solutions for when in that location is a downturn is what management is all about, Hastings verbalise. It really makes sense when one thinks about this statement if no one worried about losing their job, accordingly employees would create change instead and this miscellanea of an ideology would definitely have a great impact on productivity. High absorbs, high productivity, and a high level of trust between management and workers characterize the laborer-employee relationship and this culture at Lincoln.Policies such as the open-door policy helps build this trust and while encouraging the employees to bring suggestions for improvement also helps the management to have non edited, raw data from their workers. It is true that millions of American workers, from sales representatives to truckers, are stipendiary on a commission basis or according to their output. many an(prenominal) others collect annual bonuses tied to their employers profits and revenues. But Lincoln is some unique among large American companies, paying all shop-floor workers according to a formula based on how much they produce and how much the company earns.Lincoln Electrics compensation package for factory workers consists of a piecework system for base wages and a year-end bonus. The piecework system as yet is probably the major part of the nitty-gritty fillip system at Lincoln Electric. With this system, a worker can make more per day or per week or per month during the year with or with out a bonus. The workers are paid on the lineament of what they produce. Thus, in a way, Lincolns 3,400 U. S. employees are supposed to be self-managing entrepreneurs.Each employee is accountable for the quality of his or her own works and is rated twice a year on quality, output, dependability, cooperation and ideas. The ratings determine how much of the total corporate bonus pool individually worker will get, which comes on top of his or her hourly wage. thithers minimal supervision and employers only get paid when they work, and in that location is no sick or holiday pay, which created some problems for Lincoln Electric in their foreign subsidiaries. How much money you make is in your own hands, says Thomas Gadomski, a painting-crew leader.All 3,400 Lincoln Electric shop-floor workers do well, with wages averaging $58,000 in 1995 (the last year for which company would provide data), non numerate the value of their decent package of medical, vacation and retirement benefits. On the other hand, the programs developed 40 years ago at Lincoln to hitch up the production are helping contain workers compensation speak tos. Gil Frey, director of employee benefits and relations, said the company saves about $44,000 per month as a result of its return-to-work strategies. despite all the incentives and high salaries, the company, which is publicly traded in NYSE, gruelingly operates as a charity. 1997s net income of $85 million represented a 20 percent return on shareholder equity in a real competitive industry. Donald Hastings who is strong defender of the piecework system argues against the people, who cipher the piecework system as a type of 19th Century pay system that was designed to take advantage of the worker, and he adds that it is what killed the piecework system in the U. S. Thus, he believes that the piecework system at Lincoln has fairly set rates.However, very few manufacturers have taken the pay-for-performance route, and the reasons are non actually hard to comprehend. For one thing, it is difficult to sustain large differences in pay for the said(prenominal) job category also measuring individual productivity in industrial settings can be a challenge all by itself, unless if you have a well established system like Lincoln. until now I am sure that, at times inevitably there is ambiguity at Lincoln too, but clearly it is very minimum.These are some of the reasons why it would be difficult to replicate Lincolns success, because it also requires highly disciplined and motivated labor. Moreover, in addition to piecework bonus system, guaranteed employment up to 30 hours and the annual bonus system where employees are paid once a year up to an average of 50% to 60% -recent years average- of the base pay created a sense of monomania among the employees. Lastly, as a result of all these incentive systems, the high productivity and high output rate with less defects, and innovation gives Lincoln Electric the competitive ed ge in the market.One manufacturing manager explained it perfectly We get through for high productivity based on employee effort, continuous improvement in production processes, and a seven-day-a-week utilization of equipment. By passing on cost savings to our customers, we generate very high demand that allows you to send everything you make straight out the door. These are the main strengths of Lincoln Electric, but provided like any other organization, Lincoln Electric have some weaknesses too. Unfortunately, the Lincoln incentive model is not kinda the smashing success it once was.Problems started with the recession in 1991, and in 1995, after management stumbles squeeze the family-controlled manufacturer to sell more shares to the public. From that point on, Lincoln started looking more like a public company. With bare-assed shareholders, and freshly board members came new-sprung(prenominal) ideas, which had impacts on some of the core values of the company, and the work er bonuses has started getting smaller. At the same time, management was readying itself for an expansion to remain globally competitive, position even more pressure on the balance sheet. charge though that very same year, the company celebrated its centennial year by posting record sales of over $1 billion and record earnings, this was a year of change for the workers. All those factors I listed above crimped bonuses. For workers who dribble high bonuses if they deliver in output, this shift must have meet their morale. As new global markets are emerging for Lincolns business, the company has started questioning and reviewing their one-of-a- large-minded pay system.The company is by no way of life ready to completely change or get rid of the incentive plan, which once paid employees 100% of their annual wages in annual performance linked bonuses. But now with the new markets that the company is in too, the executives are considering ways to move toward a more traditional pay sc heme and away from the regular share-bonus formula, or may be a mixture of the two. The bonus program is a good program, and it has worked well, but its got to be modified some, says director David C. Lincoln, whose father John C. Lincoln founded Lincoln Electric.So, the question is for how long more Lincolns pay plan can survive speedy growth of the company and globalization? withal the wide range of wages cause some problems within the company. The average Lincoln factory worker earns $16. 54 an hour, vs. the $14. 25 average manufacturing wage in the Cleveland area. With a 56% average bonus in 1995 the worst in years production employees came out ahead of workers elsewhere even after paying for health-care benefits.But unlike at other companies, Lincoln has huge variations in production-worker pay from roughly $32,000 to more than $100,000 for the most hard-driving. there is also a tremendous pressure to produce, but an employee board meets on a regular basis with the top ma nagement to report workers concerns. And Lincoln guarantees work to employees with three years experience. Still, it gets harder and harder everyday to live up to the old deal. Even though, the company has bounced patronise from stumbling overseas, it has yet more problems to overcome.During this period, Lincoln had financially weakened. To make better acquisitions and boom out further, Lincoln made its first public offering in July 1995, pushing outsiders stake to 40%. It also slashed total debt by 40% to $130 million, and paid a lower bonus per person, though the total bonus pool was a record $64 million. Naturally, slimmer bonuses somewhat changed employees attitude towards the system and the company. In November of 1995, some employees protested outside headquarters after they wise to(p) of the bonus size.Also again during this period, the turnover among the new hires was high, and the disparate pay upset the veteran Lincoln employees. If an individual shows he can do the w orkload, he should be rewarded with full pay commented Joseph Tuck, an inspector with 18 years at Lincoln. Because of the protests, CEO Hastings eliminated the two-tier wage on December 1, 1995. This was a dilemma for both the company and the workers, both of which had never experienced this kind of a situation before.To edit the pay system without causing any resentment, the company set up a committee to study the bonus program and had even hired Price Waterhouse to study productivity. Even though, Hastings pledged at the time that the incentive system would remain the same, over time, he wants employees to focus on the overall earnings, not just the percentage bonus they receive. And that should be a tough job to do, to implement this kind of an ideology in employees mind, who has worked so many number of years in a fixed, particular system.Lincoln Electrics International elaboration On other hand, as I have mentioned earlier in the paper, because of both legal and cultural issues , Lincolns basic systems like the incentive system and annual bonus pay system did not work in many of the overseas operations in the long run, even though at the beginning it was successful. And, I think Lincoln Electric had especially a hard time understanding that operating(a) and international business calls for a lot more than just technological skill. Also, I believe that the company didnt truly understand the cultures of those countries where it puffed.The cosmopolitan assumptions made, such as the belief that everybody in the world would be unstrained to work a little harder to enhance their lives and their families and their homes didnt turn out to be true for everyone. It was an inaccurate assumption and this was one of the main reasons why the company had to pull out of Germany. The underlying reason for this was mainly because Lincoln Electric executives didnt know how to manage an international operation, nor did they have the international experience. Furthermore, the way Lincoln had gone about expanding internationally was too rapid an unstructured.Also, there were other barriers such as high tariffs, high manufacturing costs, highly unionization and misconception of Lincoln Electrics incentive system. After closedown down plants in Germany, Brazil, Japan and Venezuela, and reporting losses from these operations in 1992 and 1993, I am sure Lincoln Electric is freeing to be very careful about not starting another acquisition spree. During these losses however, the company expanded the number of employees in the United States, but I am sure that the firm will be going back to overseas in the future.This time though, they want to be very careful in selecting the region for the new facility, as well as the managers and the workers. One of these new markets that Lincoln has relate in is the Asia-Pacific area, including mainland China, and the company is already in the process of getting some alliances in Indonesia and Malaysia. These new inter est regions may shape the future of Lincoln Electric. If we were to make a cost-benefit analytic thinking for Lincoln Electric, we would find out that the company has a lot of pluses.Even after all these charges against it, Lincolns pay system is liable(predicate) to remain innovative than most. But as it tries to hire more outsiders, expand further abroad and modernize, were getting to be a more normal company, says Director Frank L. Steingass. That may not be quite what eager visitors to the headquarters in Cleveland, who want to learn the secret of incentive system expect to hear. But if Lincoln can adapt to new times without sacrificing employee good will, another model pay plan may yet emerge out of this company.The over century long tale and tradition, along with great organizational and pay systems, Lincoln Electric has a very strong organizational culture, especially in the United States. However, with the new emerging markets around the world today, Lincoln Electric can not afford to stay out of the global competition. Finally, I believe that its employees will always move Lincoln Electric to greater heights, no discipline what. The former CEO Donald Hastings states this idea in a very profound way Its a two-way street at Lincoln. We look after our people and they look after us.