'Notes Experimental Psych Overview\r'

'Sociology Biology Chemistry Physics Astronomy Anthropology psychological acquisition Others Outer circle (CO) : Art Music literary works Language Solvable and un re soluble Problems Solvable problem- unrivaled which poses a question that can be answered with the enforce of pattern capacities (answers questions chthonic the inner and outer circle) unresolvable problem †raises a question that is unanswerable. This concerns supernatural phenomena (falling under Metaphysical disciplines) Science is Empirical (Observable) Solvable problems argon susceptible to empirical ancestor by perusing observable vents Science Defined 1 .Sciences carry out the scientific method to solvable problems 2. Dullnesss In the CO dont use the SMS but their problems atomic number 18 typically solvable 3. The dullnesss outside the circles neither use the SMS nor pose solvable problems C] Science is the use of the SMS to solvable problems. Psychology as a Science Psychology Is Materialistic, Ob jective and settled If psychology Is ever to become a science, It essential follow the example of the physical sciences: it moldiness be materialistic, mechanistic, deterministic, objective. -WatsonMaterialism (Same as Physicality) †observable responses, physical events Objectivity †the article of faith of intersecting reliability Intersecting- two or more hoi polloi share the same experiences Determinism- the assumption that thither is lawfulness Experimentation is the most powerful enquiry method 0 Psychology became a science by applying the SMS to solvable problems. Psychological try outation is an application of the SMS Stating the Problem and Hypo thesis Testing the Hypothesis 1. take up participants 2. Randomly assign to groups 3. Randomly assign groups to reason/treatment . Experimental group given a novel treatment b.Control group given normal treatment 4. Define the IV 5. Define the videodisk 6. Control relevant EVE 7. Conduct statistical tests 8. General ize and explain the shot 9. Predict brisk situations Terms 1 . Replication †an additional experiment is conducted but with the same treat 2. Stimuli †aspects of the external surround 3. Response †aspects of appearance 4. S-R Laws †if a certain environmental characteristics is changed, behavior of a certain type as well changes 5. Variable †some(prenominal)thing that can change in nub 6. Independent inconstant †manipulated, treatment, investigation 7. Dependent variable †measure of any change in behavior 8.Continuous variable †capable of changing by any amount 9. Discontinuous variable †assume unless numerical values that differ by intelligibly defined steps without intermittent values practicable 10. Hypothesis -tentative solution to problem Functions of Apparatus 1. To circularize experimental treatment 2. To collect data 3. To flash back experimenter influences 4. To analyze data specifically Conducting Statistical Tests p rognosis difference Reliable difference Real 0 statistically authoritative Accidental 0 repayable only to chance Significant 0 reliable (Preferable) Confirmed 0 probably true discontinue 0 probably glum it can be measured. J.B. Watson †If psychology is ever to become a science, it must follow the example of the physical sciences: it must be materialistic, mechanistic, deterministic, and objective. Chapter 2 †The Problem Problem Scientific enquiry starts when we have already collected some noesis but on that point is something we still do non know Ways Problem is Manifested 1 . When there is a noticeable gap in the results of investigations Students conducting thesis are reading related literature so their storehouse of information is filled with bran-new companionship 2. When the results of several inquiries disagrees The results are contradicting 3.When a fact exists in the form of unexplained information When a new theory explains a fact, it also explains other p henomena, because theories are general that it can explain many facts specify a Solvable Problem 1. The proposed solution is Testable 2. The proposed solution is Relevant to the problem A. What is a testable guessing? A. If it is possible to determine that it is either true or false B. Knowledge is expressed in the form of propositions a. The requisite that knowledge can occur only in the form of a statement is critical for the process of testability. C.Degree of Probability Instead of True or ludicrous Kinds of Possibilities 1 . Presently attainable †the possibility is inside our power at the present time 2. potentially attainable †possibilities that may come within the powers of people at some future time Classes of Testability 1 . Presently testable †related with Presently attainable 2. potentially testable †related to Potentially attainable Working precept for the Experimenter . Applying the criterion of Testability a. Do all the variables contained in t he hypothesis actually refer to empirically observable events? B.Is the hypothesis formulated in such a guidance that it is possible to relate it to empirically observable events and bring back a decision on its degree of luck? Term: determine the degree of probability for them. unresolvable Problems The Unstructured Problem In passablely defined foothold and the operational definition Solution Through operating(a) Definitions Operational definitions †one that indicates that a certain phenomenon exists, and sees so by specifying precisely how the phenomenon is measured Operations †adequate definitions of the variables with which a science deals are a necessity to advancement.Initiated by P. W. Abridgment in 1972 Impossibility of appeal Relevant Data Vicious circularity renders problems unsoluble Additional considerations Problems should be technologically or theoretically important Problems of the impasse variety should be avoided unless creative solutions are possi ble Psychological reactions to problems- we should emphasize a truth criterion and not dismiss a discovery only because it is disturbing\r\n'